Solubility Rules

Question 1

State the solubility rules-

Answer 1

Always soluble-
Nitrates (NO3-)
Acetates
Group 1 elements

Sulfates (SO2-) but, calcium, lead and barium are insoluble.
Ammionum (NH4)
Group 7 elements (halogens) but, silver chloride and lead chloride are insoluble.

Exceptions-
Purple- Pb (lead)
Mushrooms (mercury)
Stink (silver)

50/50 soluble and insoluble-
Calcium hydroxide is partially soluble.
Sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates are soluble, the rest of carbonates are insoluble.

Question 2

What are the formulas of nitric, sulphuric acid and sulphates, ammonia, ammonium-

Answer 2

Nitric acid- HNO3
Sulphuric- H2SO4
Sulphates- SO4
Ammonia- NH3
Ammonium- NH4

Question 3

How are ammonia and ammonium different?

Answer 3

Ammonia is un-ionized, and so it does not have a charge it’s neutral, when it gains an electron it also takes on another hydrogen atom and the positive charge, making it turn into ammonium

Question 4

What are the ways you can see a solutions acidity/ alkaline?

Answer 4

PH paper, universal indicator, litmus paper

Question 5

red litmus paper turns into blue for what type of solutions?

Answer 5

Alkaline