Metals And The Periodic Table

Question 1

How would you represent hydrogen in a symbol equation?

Answer 1

Hydrogen is diatomic (it exists as molecules made from 2 atoms), so should be represented as H2.

Question 2

What are the physical properties of a typical metal?

Answer 2

Strong (hard to break)
Malleable (can be bent or hammered into shape)
Ductile (can be shaped into wires)
Good conductors of electricity and heat
High melting and boiling points
Dense
Shiny

Question 3

Do non-metals form positive or negative ions when they react?

Answer 3

Negative ions

Question 4

What is a halogen displacement reaction?

Answer 4

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal.
Halogen: Chemical elements (fluorine, iodine, chlorine, etc) that are able to react with metals to form a salt

Question 5

Noble gases areeeeeeee…………(mention the meaning and properties)

Answer 5

Noble gases are found in Group 0. They have a full outer electron shell which means they are already stable and so do not need to lose or gain electrons. This means that they are chemically
inert (they do not react with anything).
The noble gases have the following properties in common:
they are non-metals
they are very unreactive gases
they are colourless
they are odorless

Question 6

State the three trends in the group 7 elements as you go down the periodic table.

Answer 6

Decreased reactivity.
Higher melting/boiling points.
Higher atomic mass.

Question 7

What type of bonds do halogens form with metals?

Answer 7

Halogens form metallic bonds with metals.

Question 8

How can you use the atomic number and mass number of a given atom, to work out how many neutrons it has?

Answer 8

Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number

Question 9

What are the physical properties of most non-metals?

Answer 9

Brittle (snap easily)
Dull (not shiny)
Lower melting and boiling points
Poor conductors of electricity
Lower density

Question 10

How many electrons are found in the first, second, and third shells of an atom?

Answer 10

1st shell: 2 electrons 2nd shell: 8 electrons 3rd shell: 8 electrons

Question 11

If an atom has 15 electrons in total, how many will it have in each shell?

Answer 11

2 in the first shell, 8 in the second and 5 in the last.

Question 12

What do you call an atom that loses an electron and what charge does it gain?

Answer 12

It is called a cation, and it gains a positive charge since it lost an electron.

Question 13

What do you call an atom that gains an electron and what charge does it gain

Answer 13

It is called an anion, and it gains a negative charge since it has gained an electron.

Question 14

Properties of transition metals-

Answer 14

they are good conductors. of heat and electricity.
they can be hammered or bent into shape easily.
they have high melting points.
they are usually hard and tough.
they have high densities.
They act as catalysts.

Question 15

What is meant by an atoms ‘outer shell’?

Answer 15

The outer shell is the shell of electrons that are furthest away from a nucleus.

Question 16

Why do atoms have a neutral charge?

Answer 16

Because atoms have the same number of positive protons and negative electrons, so the charges cancel out

Question 17

What can you tell from the group number in the periodic table?

Answer 17

The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell, so if it’s group 1, there’s 1 electron in their outer shells.

Question 18

Why do the alkali metals get more reactive as you go down group 1?

Answer 18

As you go down group 1,

the atoms get bigger/ have more shells

the outer electron becomes further from the
positive nucleus

the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases

the outer electron is lost more easily. The more easily these cations form, the more reactive the metal.

Question 19

Shielding:

Answer 19

Shielding: Electron shielding refers to the decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus due to the presence of other electrons. The more the shells, the less the electron will be able to get the attraction.

Question 20

Why do halogens become less reactive as you move down group 7 of the periodic table?

Answer 20

Halogens are nonmetals, so it will try to gain an electron by the nucleus’s attraction.

As you go down the group, atomic radius and shielding increase

This means there is a weaker electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and the electron it is trying to gain.

This means more energy is required for a reaction to occur.

Question 21

What does the ‘mass number’ of an atom tell you?

Answer 21

The total number of protons and neutrons.

Question 22

What are the properties of group 1 metals?

Answer 22

Soft.
Low density.
Very reactive.
Weak.
Relatively low melting and boiling points (compared to other metals).
The alkali metals react with water to produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 23

What do you call an atom after it gained/lost electrons

Answer 23

ion

Question 24

Why does reactivity increase as you go down the column in group 1? 4 marker

Answer 24

The size of the atom increases
Outermost shell becomes further away
Weak attraction between the electrons in the outermost shell and the nucleus.
Easier for the electron to become free
Leading to an increased reactivity

Question 25

Discuss the properties of alkali metals- 6 marker

Answer 25

Shiny
Soft
Good conductors of heat and electricity (since metal is malleable and the layers are able to slide over eachother)
Low density
React with water releasing hydrogen
Low melting points