Metals And The Periodic Table Flashcards
How would you represent hydrogen in a symbol equation?
Hydrogen is diatomic (it exists as molecules made from 2 atoms), so should be represented as H2.
What are the physical properties of a typical metal?
Strong (hard to break)
Malleable (can be bent or hammered into shape)
Ductile (can be shaped into wires)
Good conductors of electricity and heat
High melting and boiling points
Dense
Shiny
Do non-metals form positive or negative ions when they react?
Negative ions
What is a halogen displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal.
Halogen: Chemical elements (fluorine, iodine, chlorine, etc) that are able to react with metals to form a salt
Noble gases areeeeeeee…………(mention the meaning and properties)
Noble gases are found in Group 0. They have a full outer electron shell which means they are already stable and so do not need to lose or gain electrons. This means that they are chemically
inert (they do not react with anything).
The noble gases have the following properties in common:
they are non-metals
they are very unreactive gases
they are colourless
they are odorless
Low melting/ boiling points.
Unflammable
State the three trends in the group 7 elements as you go down the periodic table.
Decreased reactivity.
Higher melting/boiling points.
Higher atomic mass.
What type of bonds do halogens form with metals?
Halogens form ionic bonds with metals.
How can you use the atomic number and mass number of a given atom, to work out how many neutrons it has?
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
What are the physical properties of most non-metals?
Brittle (snap easily)
Dull (not shiny)
Lower melting and boiling points
Poor conductors of electricity
Lower density
How many electrons are found in the first, second, and third shells of an atom?
1st shell: 2 electrons 2nd shell: 8 electrons 3rd shell: 8 electrons
If an atom has 15 electrons in total, how many will it have in each shell?
2 in the first shell, 8 in the second and 5 in the last.
What do you call an atom that loses an electron and what charge does it gain?
It is called a cation, and it gains a positive charge since it lost an electron.
What do you call an atom that gains an electron and what charge does it gain
It is called an anion, and it gains a negative charge since it has gained an electron.
Properties of transition metals-
they are good conductors. of heat and electricity.
they can be hammered or bent into shape easily.
they have high melting points.
they are usually hard and tough.
they have high densities.
They act as catalysts.
Why do atoms have a neutral charge?
Because atoms have the same number of positive protons and negative electrons, so the charges cancel out
What can you tell from the group number in the periodic table?
The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell, so if it’s group 1, there’s 1 electron in their outer shells.
Shielding:
Shielding: Electron shielding refers to the decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus due to the presence of other electrons. The more the shells, the less the electron will be able to get the attraction.
What does the ‘mass number’ of an atom tell you?
The total number of protons and neutrons.
What do you call an atom after it gained/lost electrons
ion
Why does reactivity increase as you go down the column in group 1? 4 marker
The size of the atom increases
Outermost shell becomes further away
Weak attraction between the electrons in the outermost shell and the nucleus.
Easier for the electron to become free
Leading to an increased reactivity
Discuss the properties of alkali metals- 6 marker
Shiny
Soft
Good conductors of heat and electricity (due to delocalized electrons )
Low density
React with water releasing hydrogen gas (metal hydroxide is produced)
Low melting points
Metals are malleable since the layers are able to slide over eachother
Why are group 7 non metals very reactive?
They only need to gain one electron to become stable and have a full outer shell.
As you go down group 1 the reactivity of the atoms increase, but as you go down group 7 the reactivity decreases. Why?
Group 1- the atom size gets bigger down the group 1, the electrons in the outer shell will be further away from the nucleus. Weak attraction between the positive nucleus and the electrons, the electrons will be easily lost which increases reactivity of the atom.
Group 7-
The atoms get bigger down the group 7. Harder to gain an extra electron since it is further away from the nucleus. Weak attraction between the nucleus and the electron the atom is trying to gain to become stable and have a full outer shell. Electron will be harder to gain decreasing the reactivity.
What happens when an alkali metal reacts with a non-metal? (Relate to compounds)
Produces a white or colourless ionic compounds
Why does sodium chloride have a high melting point? 4 marker
Because it has a giant ionic structure, in which there strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions (sodium and chloride), and these forces act in all directions in the giant lattice; which requires a lot of energy to break those forces and so NaCl has a high MP
What is a dot and cross diagram?
When one atoms electron is drawn as a dot, and the other atoms electron is drawn as a cross to show which electrons are being shared, transferred.
What are simple molecules?
A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
When atoms gain/ lose electrons they form ions, why do the atoms want to be ions?
To have the electron arrangement of a noble gas (to have a full stable outer shell)
What do metals consist of? And how are they arranged?
Of giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern.
How are metals held in a metallic bond?
Due to the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and the negative electrons.
Describe the structure of a metal- 3 marker
Giant structure of positive ion atoms arranged in a regular pattern, with delocalized electrons which are free to move around the structure.
Describe what happens when magnesium atoms react with Flourine atoms to produce magnesium fluoride- 4 marker
Magnesium atoms lose 2 electrons and the flourine atoms gain 1electron. One magnesium atom reacts with two flourine atoms, to achieve the electron arrangement of a noble gas. Or for Magnesium turns into a positive ion, flourine becomes a negative ion. MLeading to an ionic bond due to a metal and a non metals reacting together.
why does one magnesium atom react with 2 flourine atoms?
One Magnesium atom transfers 2 electrons so there needs to be two flourine atoms present since one atom of flourine can only gain one electron, causing there to be a need of two flourine atoms present.
Who created the first periodic table?
Mendeleev
How do group 1 elements change colour? What colour were they? What colour did they become?
Group 1 elements elements are white in colour, and they dissolve in water to form colourless solutions.
Does hydroxide make the solution acidic or alkaline?
Alkaline (above ph 7)
Explain the properties of transition metals compared to metals- 3 marker
Have higher melting points (except for mercury) and higher densities.
Stronger and harder
Much less reactive (do not react as vigorously with water or oxygen
What are the uses of copper?
Electrical wiring since copper is a good conductor of electricity.
Plumbing since copper can be bent but is hard enough to make pipes and doesn’t react with water.
What is brine?
Concentrated sodium chloride
