Acids,Bases, Salts Flashcards
What are soluble bases called? Why are they soluble?Give examples of soluble bases?
Theyre called alkali since they’re able to be dissolved in water.
Soluble bases- NaOH, KCL, NANO3
NO3- nitrate
What are neutralization reactions?
When acids react with bases to form a salt and a water.
HCL+ NaOH —> NACL + H20
What does the particular salt produced depend on in any reaction?
It depends on the acid used.
And the metal in the base or alkali (soluble base)
What to use when testing PH level of a solution-
PH meter
litmus paper
Universal indicator
What is universal indicator-
To test whether a substance/solution is acidic,neutral or alkaline.
How can litmus paper present if a solution was acidic, neutral, or alkaline-
Red litmus paper turns into blue/purple if solution is alkaline.
Blue litmus paper turns red if solution is acidic.
Litmus paper remains the same colour if solution is neutral.
If hydroxide (OH-) was present in a compound, does it make the solution acidic? If not, what makes the solution acidic?
Hydroxide ions make the solution alkaline.
H+ ions make the solution acidic.
F2 + NaCl —> ? What will be the salt and gas formed? Why?
NaF (sodium flouride) Flouride displaces chlorine since flouride is more reactive than chlorine. Flourine cannot displace other metals which are not in its group, so it cannot displace sodium, only chlorine.
Chlorine will be displaced, so NaF + CL2
CL2 =(this is a diatomic molecule, and theyre in gaseous state since theyre covalently bonded)
Chlorine gas will be formed.
Why does ammonia dissolve in water?
Ammonia (soluble base) dissolves in water to produce an alkaline solution, since ammonia is alkali.
How is calcium carbonate produced?
When limewater (calcium hydroxide = Ca(OH)2 ) reacts with carbon dioxide (cO2)
What is the PH scale?
Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Why is water formed in neutralization reactions?
Because Hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to form water.
H+ (aq) +OH- (aq) —> H2O (L)
Are all hydroxides insoluble? What are the exceptions?
No, only the alkali (soluble) metal hydroxides, group 1 and group 2 metals, ammonium hydroxide are soluble.
The hydroxides which are insoluble are- calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, magnesium hydroxide, bromide hydroxide and all the other insoluble metals.
What state symbols do you write when a base is insoluble or soluble? Or a gas?
Soluble- aq (aqueous)
Insoluble- s (solid)
Gas- g
Liquid- l
How are insoluble salts formed? Why is it called precipitation reaction?
By mixing two solutions which contain different ions so that a precipitate is formed (solid that appears in the solution) this is called precipitation reaction since a precipitate is formed.
How do you make soluble salts?
Acids can be reacted with a metal, the metal cannot be too reactive or too unreactive.
HCL + sodium —> sodium chloride + hydrogen
Acids can be reacted with an insoluble base-
Works with metal oxides or hydroxides. (Magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc)
HCL + magnesium hydroxide —> magnesium chloride + water
Acids can be reacted with a soluble base-
HCL + NaOH —> NaCl + H2O
How do you know when water or hydrogen will be formed in a reaction?
If there was hydrogen ions ( from the acid) and hydroxide ions ( from the base) in the reactants, then there will be water formed. Since H+ + OH- —> H2O
If there was only hydrogen ions present and no hydroxide ions present from the base, then there will be hydrogen gas formed, or another gas that has gotten displaced.
HCL + MgO —> MgCl + H2
F2 + NaCl —> NaF + Cl2 (Cl2 gas will be formed, hydrogen gas (H2) is not always formed)
What does the mnemonic Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer Stand for?
H-ydrogen
N-itrogen
F-lourine
O-xygen
I-odide
C-hlorine
B-romine
In a practical, what do you say when mentioning a liquid or solid? And what do you
Independent- what you change
Dependent- what you measure
Controlled- what you keep the same
In a practical, what do you say when mentioning a liquid or solid? And what do word do you never use?
Liquid- volume, Concentration (volume and concentration of the liquid is changed)
Never use the word (amount) for ex- the amount of the liquid if changed
Solid- surface area, mass (the surface area of the solid has decreased)
Na + H2O —> ? Give a reason why and put its state symbols-
Na(s) + H2O(l)= NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Since when a metal reacts with water, hydroxide ions are produced, and hydrogen gas is also released, since only 1 hydrogen atom and 1 oxygen atom is needed to form the sodium hydroxide, which leaves 1 free hydrogen atom, which turns into gas.
What is hamatite? What is its formula?
Iron oxide
Fe2O3
Explain how to solve this ionic equation-
NaCl + k —> KCL +Na
NaCl + k —> KCL +Na
Firstly, only extract the metals from the reaction.
NaCl is in a compound, and when metals are in a compound we put its charge.
And if a metal is alone, don’t put its charge.
Hence, Na+ + k —> K+ + Na
What is the formula of Al 3+ and Cl -1
Since they switch charges, Al will gain the -1 charge which is invisible and Cl will gas the 3+ charge.
=AlCl3
How can you create insoluble salts?
Using an insoluble metal nitrate and an acid
