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Ground School 1 > Solo Must Know > Flashcards

Solo Must Know Flashcards

1
Q

Personal Documents readiliy accessible

A

student pilot card
medical cert
gov id
logbook

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2
Q

Documents required to be onflight

A

Airworthiness
Registration
Radar license
Operating limitations
Weight and balance
Placards
Compass deviation
GPS manual

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3
Q

How do we keep our pilot certificate current?

A

student pilot: valid med cert
ppl: flight review every 24 calendar months

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4
Q

curency requirements for carrying pax

A

3 to and landings within 90 days, at night, these 3 landings must be made to a full stop

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5
Q

night definition? when can you perform required night landings?

A

night = time between evening civil twilight and morning civil twilight
night landings can be logged 1 hr after sunset to 1 hr before sunrise

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6
Q

when will an AC regisration certificate expire?

A

7 years

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7
Q

changing mailing address, how long can the pilot continue to exercise the privileges of their pilot cert without notifying the FAA?

A

30 days

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8
Q

does airworthinesss certificate expire?

A

not as long as inspections are kept to date and manufacturers original design is adhered to

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9
Q

who is reponsible for ensuring an ac is maintained in an airworthy condition

A

the owner/operator

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10
Q

aviates + required inspections

A

Airworthiness - 12 calendar months
Vor - every 30 days for IFR
100 hour if ap is operated for hire
Altimeter/pitot static - 24 calendar months required for IFR
Transponder - 24 calendar months
ELT - 121.5
Service bullentins and ADs complied with

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11
Q

What is airworthines directive and is it mandatory?

A

FAA issued order to fix a known issue and is mandatory

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12
Q

What kind of ADs are there?

A

Emergency - required immediate compliance before flight
One time - after AD is complied once, no need to address specified issue
Recurring - must be complied with at the specified interval

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13
Q

Can you fly over an annual? 100 hr?

A

only way to overfly an annual is to obtain a special flight permit rom FSDO
100 hr inspection may be oerflown by no more than 10hrs and ONLY if enroute to the place where the inspetion will be done.
an annual can be substituted for the 100hr, but 100hr cannot substitute an annual inspection

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14
Q

do you need to have an ELT in the airplane today?

A

not needed for training within 50nm of home airport

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15
Q

what equipment and instruments do you need to have in the airplane?

a tomato flames

A

altimeter
tachometer
oil temp gauge
magnetic compass
airspeed indicator
temp guage
oil pressure

fuel quantity gauge
landing gear position indicator
anti0collision lights
manifold pressure gauge
Elt
seatbelts

fuses 3 of each ind or 1 complete set
landing light if ap being flown
anti-collision lights
position lights

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16
Q

what would you do if landing light is inop

A

cannot fly at night as per FARs
during day would need to deactivate or remove component

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17
Q

What is MEL?

A

an FAA approved list of equipement that can be inoperative

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18
Q

Can an aircraft ownder change an MEL?

A

if a change is sought, a letter and a proposed MEL that is based off the Master MEL must be sent to the FAA for approcal

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19
Q

primary flight controls?

A

aeliron - roll
elevator- pitch
rudder - yaw

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20
Q

secondary flight controls

A

flaps, leading edge devices, spoilers, trim systems (anti servo tab)

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21
Q

how is lift created?

A

newtons 3rd law - airfoils accelerate airflow downward

bernoulli’s principle - high speed air over upper surface creates low pressure area whilecomparatively lower speed air beneath the wing creates high pressure which produces an upwards force that contributes to the total lift

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22
Q

different types of drag

A

parasite - increases wth speed - form, skin friction, interference

form: shape of AC and airflow around
skin friction” rverts, dirt, makes surface less smooth
interference - interestcting airstreams from diff parts of the AC (ie. wings attached to fuselage)

Induced - byproduct of lift, decreases with speed - ingtip vortices form and create drag

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23
Q

where is the airspeed where induced and parasite drag meet?

A

Vg - best glide speed
L/D max or max lift to drag ratio

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24
Q

Describe various components of an airfoil

A

curvature of the wing - can be changed by extending/retracting flaps

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25
Q

what is angle of incidence

A

angle between wing chord line and fuselage

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26
Q

sigmit? issued? valid? why?

A

Significant weather information
for severe turbulence not assoicated with CB
widespread dust storms and volcanic ash, severe icing
valid for 4 hours

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27
Q

convective sigmet? issued?valid? why

A

inflight weather advisory
valid for 2 hours
issued for severeCB activity,
winds greater than 50-knots,
hail greater than 3/4inch diameter

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28
Q

What are some SP limitations?

A

no pax
no hire
visbility 3SM day, 5 SM night
no banners
no clouds
endorsement for night flight

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29
Q

alcohol limits and offenses

A

alcohol
far 0.04%

AG 12 hrs, faa 8 hrs

  • denial of application of up to 1 year
  • suspension/revocationof cert/rating
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30
Q

egilibility of SP

A
  • over 16 years of age for operation other than glider and balloon
  • over 14 years of age of operation of glider and baloon
  • able to read, write english
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31
Q

solo requirements for SP

A
  • sole occupent
  • passed knowledge test appplicatable to part 61/91 airspace rules and procedures for the AP to be performed at the airport, flight characteristics and operation limitations to the make and model known
  • pre-solo flight training
  • maneuvers and proceudres for pre-solo flight training in SEA
  • endorsement by instructor who gave the training within the 90days preceding the date of the flight
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32
Q

pilot logbook requirements

A
  • document training time and aeronatucal experience
  • logbook entries need to log date, lesson time
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33
Q

responsibility and authority of the PIC

A
  • directly responsible for, and is the final authority as to the operation of the AC
  • in an inflight emergency requiring immediate action, the PIC may deviate from any rule of this part to meet that emergency
  • each PIC who deviates should send written report of that deviation to the administrator
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34
Q

careless of reckless operation

A
  • no person may operate an ac in a careless or reckless manner as to endanger the life of property of another
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35
Q

right of way rules

A

operating near other AC
- no person may operate an ac so close to another ac as to create a collision hazard
- no formation flight except by arrangement with the pilot in command of each ac in the formation
- no carrying pax for hire in formation flight

  • pilot shall give way to ac and may not pass over
  • distress has prioirt
  • converging, same cat right has right of way
  • head on - ac go to right
  • overtaking, each ac that is being overtaken has ROW and rach pilot of an overtaking ac sall alter course to the right to pass well clear
  • landing - ac have row over surface, lower altitude has the row
36
Q

min safe altitudes (congested vs congested)

A

anywhere: an altitude allowing, if power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property of surface

congested: 1000 above city/settlement/town and 2000 horizontal over highest obstacle

non-congested: 500 above and horizontal except open water or sparsely populated areas

37
Q

ATC light signals

A
38
Q

fuel requirements VFR

A

day - 30min
night - 45min

39
Q

Medical requirements

A

1 2 3
>40 6m 12m 24m
<40 12m 12m 60m

40
Q

Class A airspace

A
  • IR rated
  • file IFR plan
  • need ATC clearance
  • from 18000MSL to FL600
  • DME at 24000
  • ADSB out
  • transponder mode c/s
41
Q

Class B airspace

A
  • solid blue
  • surface to 10000 feet
  • two way comms: call sign for clearance
  • transponder mode c/s
  • ADSB out
  • mode C 30nm
  • IR rated, commerial, pilot, student needs to be cleared for specific BRAVO
42
Q

max speed under 10000

A

250 knots

43
Q

Class C airspace

A
  • magenta solid
  • usually up to 4000AGL
  • inner ring 4nm, outer 10nm
  • smaller airpor operations
  • two way comms
  • transponder
44
Q

Class D airspace

A
  • blue dashed
  • up to 2500, 4nm
  • no transponder or ADSB
  • two way comms
  • speed limit 200KIAS
45
Q

Class E airspace

A

-everywhere else
- 700 fuzzy, 1200 clear start
up to 14500 MSL but not up to 18000
over 60000

46
Q

Class G

A

up to 14500

47
Q

What are the items you should go thru before the flight?

A

Illness (acute and chronic stress)
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Emotion

48
Q

hazardous attiudes

A

Resignation
Anti-authority
Invulnerability
Impulsivity
Macho

49
Q

What is the radio license?

A

usually for international flights, one for AC and one for pilot

50
Q

Where can you matchthe tail number?

A

usually on the empennage, on the plate

51
Q

What’s the difference between service bulletins vs Airworthiness Directives?

A

one is compulsory and one is advisory

52
Q

What are some things you have to do, for example if you’re not doing an annual?

A

progessive, FAA sends to check

53
Q

Can you oerfly annual inspection**

A

for approval to go back to homebase?

54
Q

What does FSDO sand for?

A

Flight safety district office

55
Q

What does AD stand for and what are the types of AD?

A

airworthiness directives

immediate/emergency
recurring
one time

56
Q

What’s Va

A

maneuvering speed
square root: landing weight/ max
to weight x max va

57
Q

What are some things that extend TO roll?

A

high temperature, wet runway, tailwind, heaveier weight

58
Q

What is an ARM?

A

relatie distrance from the reference datam point, 85 inches from pilot’s seat

datam is from the front wing root, measure fwd from that to around 74” right in front of the spinner

59
Q

What are the primary and secondary flight controls?

A

rudder
stabliator
ailerons - differential, 2 angles to prevent adverse yaw when turning (increases drag on descending wing)

trim
anti servo trim tabs - deploys same direction as the control surface/stabilizer (makes movement of the control surface more difficult)
flaps - plain and slotted

60
Q

3 cats of parasite drag

A

form - shape of the AC
skin friction - friction between AC and air
interference - drag between the ripples of two points

61
Q

What’s the relationship between induced and parasite drag?

A

LD max is 76 where the combined drag is reduced to minimal

62
Q

What is asymmertrical thrust?

A

one side has more drag, clockwise turining spinner -> left turning tendencies

torque has more thurst on one side
low power, high RPM and climbing (high AOA)

63
Q

Low pressure vs high pressure direction

A

LP: anticlockise

64
Q

What is the GPS supplement?

A

in foreflight - AG - aeroplane supplements

65
Q

Alternator lights on, what do you do?

A
66
Q

How long is taf valid and its scope?

A

TAFs are valid for 24 or 30 hour time periods and are issued 4 times a day at 6 hour intervals

67
Q

What is dew point?

A

air becomes saturated and ceiling may form

68
Q

difference betweeen frontogensis and frontolysis

A

initial formation of the front
dissipation of the front

69
Q

Is cold front slow or fast

A

fast because it’s more denser and more energy

70
Q

wind creation

A

friction
coriolois

high pressure air moves to low pressure air and creates motion, and coriolois force turns the wind

friction layer is 2000-3000ft

71
Q

what are isobars and relationship of the lines?

A

lines of equal pressure, stronger winds, closer lines are higher pressure gradient

72
Q

What fuel can be used in PA28 and color?
jet a1 color?

A

100 and 100LL
green and blue
clear

73
Q

What is BEW, baggage compartment limit, MTOW, arm and moment, standard empty weight

A

BEW: standard empty weight, optional equipment, unusable fuel and all operating fluids
SEM: airframe, engine, unremovable parts
baggage compartment limit: 200lbs
MTOW: max to weight
arm&moment: Arm. The horizontal distance from the reference datum to an item’s center of gravity. Moment. A force causing something to rotate, equal to an item’s weight times its arm.

74
Q

PA and DA

A

Pressure Altitude is the indicated altitude when an altimeter is set to 29.92 in Hg

Density Altitude is formally defined as “pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature variations
(OAT-ISA temp) x 120 + PA

75
Q

what are magenta flags on the map on fore flight?
what are the yellow areas on the map around KDVT?

A

landmarks, congested/populated area

76
Q

what is warm front and what weather phenomenon does it cause?

A

Warm fronts often bring stormy weather as the warm air mass at the surface rises above the cool air mass, making clouds and storms. Warm fronts move more slowly than cold fronts because it is more difficult for the warm air to push the cold, dense air across the Earth’s surface.

77
Q

What is FSS

A

Flight service station, primary source for preflight weather information.

1800-WX-BRIEF

78
Q

What kind of weather briefings are there?

A

Standard - most complete info - current & forecast
Abbreviated briefing - shortened of standard
Outlook briefing - when planned departure is 6hrs or more away

79
Q

What is a metar? Speci?

A

Metar: issued regularly, usually 55min
Speci: issued at any time between routine METAR reports

80
Q

What are PIREPS? What is UA/UUA

A

Pilot weather report, routine, urgent

81
Q

Airmet vs sigmet vs convective sigmet

A

Airmet: inflight advisories 6 hrs with immediate updates, concerns phenomena considered posted tially hazardous to light ac with limited operational capabilities
Sigmet: inflight advisories not convective, not CB haha 4 hrs (6hrs with hurricane)
Convective sigmet: inflight weather advisory issued for hazardous convective weather likesevere thunderstorms

82
Q

What are the four elements of torque and what is it

A

1) torque reaction from engine and propellor
2) corkshrew effect/assmetrical thrust - at high propeller speeds and low take offs, spiraling motion is very compact and exerts a strong sideward force on the AC tail surface
3) gyroscopic effect - precession is the resultant action or deflection force applied to the rim, causing a pitching/yawing moment
4) p factor - bite of down blade greater than up blade high aoa,

83
Q

NOTAM types

A

D notams - depature + destinations
FDC - enroute (flight and cruist) instrument procedure not usable)
Pointer
Miltary

84
Q

Airmet types

A

Sierra - IFR and mountain obsucuration
Tango - turbulence, low level windshear, strong surface winds
Zulu - icing and freezing levels

85
Q

What is ISA deviation

A

ISA deviation refers to the difference between the actual atmospheric conditions and the standard atmosphere.

ISA is 1013, 15, 1225

86
Q

Inop Equipemnt procedure
MEL vs no MEL

A

MEL:
verify letter of authorization includes signature by FSDO rep and chief instructor
verify AC tail number in letter of authorization
follow MEL procedure to deermine if inop item is required
not required - PIC determines
required/not inclued - cannot fly with inop instrument or equipement

No MEL:
1)VFR day type cert and equipment prescribed in airworthiness regulations under which AC was type certificared
2) AC’s equipment list
3) kinds of op equipment list for kind of flight operation being conducted
4) FAR 91.205
5) an airworthiness directive

if not required - PIC wlll then determine that the inop instruments or equipment will noit affect the safety of flight and ensure:
1) deactivate and placard inop instruments + logged in maintanace logbook
2) removed, placarded and logged in the maintenance records with proper adjustment made to AC weight and balance

*if equipment is required, repairs must be made and documented by authorized mechanic, if repairs can’t be made, a special flight permit must be obtained from the FSDO to fly the AC to a point for repairs

87
Q
A

Ground School 1 (13 decks)

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