Sollars - Nucleotide Structure and Function

Question 1

What is the basic formula for a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Nitrogeneous Base (information) + Pentose (structure) + Phosphate (energy)

Question 2

What are the purines?

What are the pyrimidines?

What is the general structure of each?

Answer 2

Purines: Adenine (A), Guanine (G)

Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U)

Purines are two rings, Pyrimidines are single ring

Hint:

Purines are Always Gigantic

Pyrimidines are Certainly Usually Tiny

Question 3

What is the major weakness of the bond structure of all nitrogeneous bases?

Answer 3

Tautomerism alters the hydrogen bonding side of the molecule

Question 4

What is the structural difference of Ribose (RNA) and Deoxyribose (DNA)?

Answer 4

Ribose has an additional hydroxyl group at pos. 2 of the pentose ring

Question 5

What is the formula for a nucleoside?

What is the predominant form of nucleosides?

Answer 5

Purine base + ribose sugar

Anti (syn = minor)

Question 6

What is the general structure for a nucleotide?

How are these used to store energy, what is an exampe?

Answer 6

Nucleoside + Phosphate Group

The high E bonds of the phosphate groups; example is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 7

How do nucleotides function as energy sources in the cell?

Answer 7

Phosphate groups give method to carry energy in bonds

Question 8

How are do nucleotides function as building blocks in the cell?

Answer 8

Nucleotides can bind to glucose, or similar molecules to donate in various reactions; can also serve as methyl donor in certain pathways

Question 9

How are do nucleotides function as Regulatory Signal in the cell?

Answer 9

Substances like Cyclic AMP (CAMP) can act as second messengers mediated the response from certain hormones

Question 10

How are do nucleotides function as Coenzymes in the cell?

Answer 10

Give energy and participate in oxidation-reducation reactions; can carry acyl groups (fatty acids) in metabolism

Question 11

What is the structure and role of 5-Fluorouracil?

Answer 11

Anti Cancer Agent; nitrogeneous base analogue which causes DNA to break

Question 12

What is the structure and role of AZT?

What is one known side-effect?

Answer 12

Anti HIV drug, activated by polymerase which transcribes viral genome

Mitochondrial issues .. remember where bacteria came from bro