Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EOM 1 - Test 2 > Delidow - ER, Golgi, and Trafficking > Flashcards

Delidow - ER, Golgi, and Trafficking Flashcards

1
Q

What covers the rough ER?

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ERGIC

A

Vesicles exit to the Golgi apparatus

E.R. Golgi Intermediate Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of network is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

Continuous Membrane Network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the structure of Golgi?

A

Stacked and polarized cisternae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does the way a protein “faces” change as processing through secretory organelles?

A

No, topology of the secretory pathway is conserved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is entry direction of protein determined?

A

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the ribosomes found which translate proteins destined for the secretory pathway?

A

Membrane bound ribosome

or Free Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to proteins get into the ER?

A

Co-translational translocation (during)

Post-translational translocation (after)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Co-translational Translocation

A

Proteins synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes enter the ER during translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Post-translational translocation

A

Protesins translated on free ribosomes move into the ER after translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wat is the first step in co-translational translocation?

Next?

A

Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) binds signal sequence, arresting translation

Complex binds to SRP Receptor on RER mebrane, SRP released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Once the SRP disociated, when occurs next during co-translational translocation?

What is the fate of the signal sequence?

A

Ribosome binds translocon, signal sequence enters channel and translocon opens.

Translation resumes, polypeptide chains translocated across membrane

Signal sequence cleaved by signal peptidase and released into ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Post-translational translocation

What drives the protein in the ER?

A

Protein translated by free ribosome, Hsp 40/70 maintain protein unfolded.

Signal sequence recognized, protein inserted through translocon.

BiP coats proteins, and drives proper folding (molecular ratcheting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the translation of integral membrane proteins occur?

A

Translated on membrane bound ribosomes located on translocon

Signal peptidase translates internal until transmembrane sequence hits.

Ribosome finishes translating outside, ribosome bounces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What changes in a translocon following translocation of integral membrane proteins?

A

Conformational change of “arm” swinging shut the translocon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What mediates transmembrane insertion and direction of C/N terminus?

A

Internal Signal Sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

BiP

A

Chaperone to aid in folding the polypeptide in the ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Protein Disulfide Isomerase

A

Facilitates disulfide bonds after protein properly folded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

N-linked Glocosylation

A

Oligosaccharide synthesized on a lipid carrier, preventing protein aggregation in ER

  • Sorting signals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GPI Anchors

A

Glycolipids assembled in the ER membrane, and added to C-terminus

(lipidatipon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What function as ecport signals to move proteins from ER to Golgi?

A

Peptide Signals, di-acidic or di-hydrophbic AA signals in cytosol domain

GPI Anchors function as export signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ERES

A

Specialized region of the ER where proteins and phspholipids bud to go to Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of special signal does BiP have? What does this indicate about movement within the secretory system?

A

KDEL=needs to come back home

Movement is a two-way street

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do proteins targeted for export have to mark them?

A

Peptide and carbohydrate signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How can unmarked proteins in the ER be transported to the Golgi?
Default pathway
26
What major processes occur at the Golgi? What two major molecule classes are synthesized in the Golgi?
Proetins coming from ER are processed and sorted for transport to endosomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane, or secretion Glycolipids, Sphingomyelin
27
What Golgi compartment receives molecules from the ERGIC?
cis
28
What Golgi complex(s) are most of the work done?
Medial and Trans
29
What is the Golgi sorting and distrubiution center?
trans-Golgi Network
30
What are the two theories for protein movement in the Golgi?
Stable Cisternae , Cisternal maturation Model
31
What major modification occurs in the Golgi?
Carbohydrate portions of glycoproteins N-linked oligosaccharides are modified
32
What modifications are made to N-Linked Oligo's in the Golgi? What does this drive?
Mannoses are replaced w/ NAG, Galactoses, and Sialic Acids FInal destination depends on "tags"
33
What type of modification occurs to lysosomal proteins in the Golgi? What recognizes these?
Mannose phosphorylation Mannose-6-phosphate receptor (which transports them from the trans network)
34
What is the destination of mannose-6-phosphate tagged proteins?
Lysosome
35
What is O-linked glycosylation? What does this form?
Carbohydrates added to **Serine** and **Threonine** ## Footnote **Proteoglyan**
36
What are the 3 ways transport from the Golgi to the Cell Surface occurs?
1. Direct transport 2. Recycling Endosomes 3. Regulated secretory pathways
37
Why must proteins be selectively packaged in the Golgi?
epithelial tissues are polarized and divided into two domains (apical/basolateral) which have specific proteins
38
What is key to maintaining the fucntional organization in cells?
Selective Vesicular Transport
39
What are transport vesicles from the ER coated with?
Cytostolic coat proteins
40
COPII-Coated Vesicles COPI-Coated Vesicles Clathrin-Coated Vesicles
Carry proteins from the ER to the ERGIC and on to Golgi (forward) Bud from ERGIC or Golgi and carry cargo back (backward) Transport in both directions between the trans Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes, and plasma membrane (Golgi and final f estination)
41
How are Mannose 6-Phosphate (M6P) signals coated? Where are these destined for?
Clathrin Lysosome
42
What coat does KDEL use?
COP I
43
What regulates coated vesicle foramtion? How do they function?
Small GTP-binding proteins GTP-binding recruits adaptor protein that mediate vesicle assembly by **interacting with cargo and coat proteins**
44
What 5 things do vesicles need to form coat?
1. Small G 2. GEF 3. Adaptor 4. The Cargo 5. The Coat
45
What mediates interaction b/t transport vesicle and target membranes?
Tethering factors, Rab proteins
46
What drives membrane fusion of vesicles?
vSNARES tSNARES Dynamin
47
What can be said about G-proteins in relation to their targets?
They're specific
48
How does vesicle docking and fusion occur?
**GTP-Rab** (active) bind **tethering factors** **tethering factors** bind **coat proteins** **SNAREs** interact with eachother Kind of like immune response w/selectin (weak), integrin (strong), and ICAM (sticky and strong)
49
What is the role of SNAREs in vesical docking and fusion?
Membrane fusion of vesicle and target membrane
50
What is the main structure of a SNARE, and why is this the case?
Central coiled-coil domain Binds to others in "zipper" model, brings two membranes together
51
Lysosomes
Membrane-enclosed organzelles w/enzymes to break down all types of biological polymers
52
What do mutations in genes that encode lysosomes cause?
Lysosomal storage disease
53
What are most lysosomal enzymes? When are these activated? What maintains this activity?
Acid Hydrolases (active at pH 5) Proton pump
54
How do lysosomes digest material?
Endocytosis
55
What do endosomes represent?
Intersection between the secretory pathways and endocytic pathway
56
What are three types of endosomes?
1. Early Endosomes - separate recycling/destruction 2. Recycling - passed to recyling endosomes, and back to plasma membrane 3. Late - carry molecules to lysosome for destruction
57
What is the fate for late endosomes? How do they gain this function?
Lysosome Transport vesicles carrying acid hydrolases from the trans-golgi network fuse with late endosomes
58
Phagocytosis
Specialized cells that take up and degrage large particles
59
Phagosomes Phagolysosomes
Phagocytic vacuoles Phagosome fused with lysosome
60
Autophagy Autophagosome Example?
Internal cellular recycling system "self consumption" Small area of cytoplasm or organelle enclosed in a vesicle which fuses with a lysosome and have its contents digested Ex: Insect metamorphosis
61
What is a role of autophagy in times of stress?
During nutrient starvation, autophagy degrades nonessential macromolecules for reutilization
62
What impact does autophagy have with cancer?
1. Cancer cells can utilize it to steal nutrients for their own evil plots 2. Potential therapeutic avenue to defeat these jerks
63

EOM 1 - Test 2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions