solids, solutions and particles Flashcards
what are the four states of matter?
solid
liquid
vapour (gas)
plasma
What are two pharmaceutical solids?
*crystalline
* amorphous
What are some properties of crystalline?
- Polymorphs
- Solvates & hydrates
- Co-crystals
What is polymorphism?
Polymorphism is where crystals formed by a single molecular species take different forms
What is oxytetracycline?
Oxytetracycline is broad spectrum
antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis
What is the definition of a solution?
– Mixture of two or more components that form a single phase that
is homogenous to the molecular level
What is the definition of a solvent?
– The component which determines the phase
(usually present in the greatest quantity and
often a liquid)
What is the definition of a solute?
– The “other” component(s) which are dispersed as molecules or
ions throughout the solvent – these components are in solution
What is the definition of a dissolution?
– The process whereby molecules or ions from the solid phase move
into solution
What is the difference between a solution and suspension/emulsion?
solution = single phase
suspension/emulsion = two phase
What are the two types of solution?
(solid in liquid)
- solid in solution (non ionic)
- electrolytes in solution (forms ions in solution)
What are the two categories of liquid in liquid solutions?
- completely miscible
- partially miscible
What is miscibility?
“mutual solubility of components in
liquid in liquid systems”
What is partial miscibility affected by?
Partial miscibility is affected by temperature
Partially miscible binary liquid mixtures are used
with a separating funnel to determine partition
coefficients
How does solubility in gas liquid solutions differ?
- Solubility of gases is determined by temperature and
pressure - Solubility generally decreases as temperature rises
- Solubility generally increases as pressure rises
