Ethers, Alcohols and Epoxides Flashcards
What are the important properties of alcohols?
*hydrogen bonding
*polar therefore soluble in water
*can form H bonds with proteins
What are the carbinol types of atoms?
*paracetamol
*vitamin c
*adrenaline
*propanolol
What type of alcohol will a formaldehyde/ aldehyde and ketone form?
formaldehyde = primary
aldehyde = secondary
ketone = tertiary
What is used for anti markonikov product
hydroboration oxidation
reagents:
What is used for the markonikov product?
*acid catalysed reaction
or
*oxymercuration-demercuration
(Hg(Oak)2
What is a grignard reagent?
*R-MG-X
(strong nucleophiles)
used when you want to form a new c-c bond
*can use to release an epoxide to form a primary alcohol
What is an organolithium reagent?
*R-Li
What do you need to get a final tertiary alcohol from an acid chloride/ ester
acid chloride or ester
- 1 grignard and another equivalent of Grignard
What does NaBH4 work with?
only ketones and aldehydes
reduces to secondary or primary alcohol
What are the differences of LiAlH4 compared to NaBH4?
*not selective
*very strong - 2 steps straight away
*reduces carbonyl groups, acids, esters, and other acid derivatives
What are some examples of oxidation agents?
*O,O2,Br2,F2,Cl2,etc or losing a H2
What are some examples of reduction agents?
*H2,NaBH4,H- or losing O,O2 or X2
What is needed to form a carboxylic acid from a primary alcohol?
*excess NaOCl/ tempo (catalyst)
*H2CrO4 chromic acid
What is needed to form an aldehyde from primary alcohol?
*NaOCl/tempo
*pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC)
*Swern Oxidation (DMSO+(COCl)2
*Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP)
use any of the above depending on strength required
What is needed to form a ketone from a secondary alcohol?
*NaOCl/HOAc
*Dess-Martin periodinane (DMP)
*Swern oxidation
*H2CrO4
can use any of the above oxidation agents
