External Formulations Flashcards
What is used to treat ringworm?
Terbinafine
* Lamisil AT 1% gel, Lamisil Once
* Fungicidal
* Binds to keratin – prevents re-infection
* 1-2 weeks treatment
* 18 years only
What does Lamisil AT 1% gel contain?
- Purified water -SOLVENTS
- Ethanol
- Isopropyl myristate
- Polysorbate 20 -SURFACTANTS NONIONIC
- Sorbitan laurate
- Carbomer - viscosity increasing agent
- Benzyl alcohol - preservative
- Sodium hydroxide - pH adjuster
- Butylated hydroxytoluene - Antioxidant
What is used to treat acne vulgaris?
Benzoyl peroxide
* Acneside gel
* Antibacterial & removes dead skin cells
* Start on lower strengths
* Irritation, burning, bleach clothing
* Over 12 years old
* Pregnancy suitable
What does acne side gel contain?
Docusate sodium (surfactant anionic)
* Disodium edetate (complexing agent)
* Poloxamer (surfactant nonionic)
* Carbomer (viscosity increasing)
* Propylene glycol S
* Glycerol V
* Acrylates copolymer or glycerol microsponge V
* Colloidal anhydrous silica V
* Purified water S
* Sodium hydroxide pH adjuster
What is used to treat eczema and psoriasis?
Steroids
* Reduce redness and swelling (inflammation)
* Mild – Hydrocortisone 0.1-2.5% (1% is P
medicine)
* Moderate – Clobetasone butyrate (e.g.
Eumovate) (P)
* Potent – Betamethasone valerate 0.1%
(POM)
* Very potent – Clobetasol propionate
(POM)
Moisturising treatments
* Applied directly to the skin to soothe and
hydrate it
* Cover the skin with a protective film to trap in
moisture
* Formulations
* Lotions – hairy or damaged areas of skin
* Sprays – hard-to-reach areas and sore
or infected skin
* Creams – daytime
* Ointments – very dry, thickened skin and
night-time
* Soap substitutes – instead of normal soap
(e.g. Oilatum emollient)
What does oilatum emollient include?
- Acetylated lanolin alcohols
- Polyethylene glycol 400 dilaurate
- Isopropyl palmitate
- Polyoxyethylene 40 sorbital septaoleate
- Geraniol, linalool, coumarin, limonene, citronellol, eugenol,
hydroxycitronellal and hexyl cinnamaldehyde
What does hydrocortisone include?
- Cetomacrogol emulsifying wax
- Chlorocresol
- Liquid paraffin
- White soft paraffin
- Macrogol 300
- Purified water
What is used to treat pruritus?
Crotamiton
* Eurax
* Apply to the affected area 2-3 times
daily
* Provides relief from irritation for 6 to
10 hours after each application
What does eurax contain?
- Methyl hydroxybenzoate
- Phenylethyl alcohol
- Glycerol
- Triethanolamine
- Sodium lauryl sulphate
- Ethylene glycol monostearate
- Stearyl alcohol
- Strong ammonia solution
- Stearic acid
- Hard paraffin
- White beeswax
- Geraniol, citronellol, coumarin,
benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate,
citral, d-limonene, eugenol,
linalool - Purified water
What is used to treat head lice?
Dimeticone 4% lotion
* Hedrin
* Left on hair for a minimum of 8 hours or overnight
* Repeat after 7 days
What does herdin contain?
- Cyclomethicone 5 as the only excipient
*hydrophilic due to this
What is used to treat public lice and scabies?
Permethrin
Lyclear
How should lyclear be applied in differentiated between pubic lice vs scabies?
PBL
* Applied to cover the pubic region, peri-
anal (around the anus), inner thighs down
to the knees and any hair that grows up
from the pubic area to the chest/stomach
* Left on the skin for 24 hours, after which
the treatment areas should be washed
thoroughly
Scabies
* Applied to the whole body including
the neck, palms of the hands and
soles of the feet. The head and face
can be spared unless scabies
efflorescences are present in this
region
Washed thoroughly 8 – 12 hours
after treatment
What is used to treat a cold sore?
Aciclovir
* Zovirax
* Applied five times daily at approximately four
hourly intervals, omitting the night time application
What is used to treat warts & verrucas + corns and calluses?
Salicylic acid and lactic acid are keratolytic
* Soak area in warm water & towel dry prior to
application
* File area
* Side effects: local skin irritation
* Pregnancy – OK
* Diabetics – Avoid
* Bazuka
* Apply OD
