Solid, Liquids, and Gases (Lesson 1, States of Matter) Flashcards
What is a solid?
Something that has a definite shape and a definite volume.
What arrangement do the particles in solids have?
They are fixed in a closely packed arrangement.
Do the particles in a solid move?
They vibrate in place
What are crystalline solids?
Solids that have particles that form regular, repeating patterns. These patters create crystals
What are some examples of crystalline solids?
Salt, sugar, and snow
What are amorphous solids?
Solids that don’t have particles arranged in a regular pattern.
Do crystalline solids melt at a distinct temperature?
Yes
Do amorphous solids melt at distinct temperature?
No, they just become softer or change into other substances.
What are some examples of amorphous solids?
Plastics, rubber, and glass
What is a liquid?
Something that has a definite volume but no shape of its own.
What arrangement do the particles in a liquid have?
They are close together but not as close as solids.
Do the particles in a liquid move?
They move around each other freely.
What is another name for a liquid, and why is it called that?
Fluid, because they flow
What is surface tension?
A property of liquids where the molecules bring the molecules on the surface closer together because they are attracted to each other. This is what causes water droplets.
What allows water strider insects to walk on the surface of water or a needle to sit on top of the water?
Surface Tension makes the surface of a liquid act like it has a skin.
What is viscosity?
A property of liquids where the size and shape of its molecules create resistance to flowing.
Do all liquids have the same viscosity?
No, some liquids flow easier than others. High viscosity liquids flow slow and low viscosity liquids flow easily.
What is an example of a liquid with high viscosity?
Honey
What are some examples of liquids with low viscosity?
Water and vinegar
What is a gas?
Something that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. As gas particles move, they spread apart, filling all the space available.
When working with a gas, what three things are important to know about it?
The volume, temperature, and pressure
What is volume?
The amount of space that matter fills.
How do we know what the volume is of a gas?
Gas fills the size of the object that it is in.
What is pressure when talking about gas?
The force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container. Pressure = Force/Area
What determines the firmness of a gas filled object?
The amount of pressure from the gas.
What determines higher gas pressure?
Greater concentration of gas particles inside an object.
Why does a ball leak when it only has a tiny hole?
The higher pressure inside the ball results in gas particles hitting the hole more than the gas particles outside the ball hitting the hole. The pressure inside will drop until it is equal to the pressure outside.
What is temperature?
The measure of the average energy of random motion of particles of matter. The faster the particles are moving, the greater their energy and the higher the temperature.
At room temperature, do gas particles move fast?
Yes! about 500 meters per second, twice the speed of a jet plane.
