Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table

Question 1

Describe the size of Atoms

Answer 1

Atoms are so small that a particle of dust could have 10 million billion atoms

Question 2

Why did scientists create models of atoms

Answer 2

To describe atoms because they are so small

Question 3

What is at the center of Atoms?

Answer 3

Tiny, dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons

Question 4

What surrounds the nucleus of Atoms?

Answer 4

A cloudlike region of moving electrons

Question 5

Describe the space of Atoms

Answer 5

Contains a lot of volume, huge space, compare to the center of a stadium to the seats

Question 6

What charge do protons have?

Answer 6

Positive +1, number is equal to electrons, helps to make an atom neutral

Question 7

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 7

Negative, -1, number is equal to protons, helps to make an atom neutral

Question 8

What chage do neutrons have?

Answer 8

They don’t have a charge, they are 0

Question 9

Do protons and neutrons have the same mass?

Answer 9

Yes, they are equal

Question 10

What is the unit of measure that scientists use to measure mass of atoms?

Answer 10

Atomic mass units (amu)

Question 11

Describe the atomic number

Answer 11

atoms of an element has the same number of protons, The 3 of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number

Question 12

Where are the electrons of atoms found?

Answer 12

In different energy levels

Question 13

What do you call electrons that have the highest energy?

Answer 13

Valence electrons, involved in chemical bonding

Question 14

What helps to determine the chemical properties of elements?

Answer 14

The number of valence electrons in each atom

Question 15

What makes valence electrons so unique?

Answer 15

each atom of an element has a certain number of valence electrons, that number is specific to that element

Question 16

What is a diagram that includes the symbol for the element surround by dots called?

Answer 16

Electron dot diagram (each valence electron has a dot)

Question 17

How many valence electrons do atoms need to have in order to be stable (nonreactive)

Answer 17

8

Question 18

Why do atoms form bonds?

Answer 18

To become more stable so they have 8 valence electrons

Question 19

What is the force of attraction that holds atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them

Answer 19

chemical bond

Question 20

What happens to the valence electrons when atoms bond?

Answer 20

The electrons may be transferred or shared between bonds

Question 21

How is the Periodic table arranged?

Answer 21

In order of increasing atomic number, the number of valence electrons increases from left to right.

Question 22

What is another name for the row on the Periodic Table?

Answer 22

Periods

Question 23

What is another name for the columns on the Periodic Table?

Answer 23

Groups

Question 24

Each _______ begins with an element that has 1 valence electron.

Answer 24

period

Question 25

The elements in each group have similar _____

Answer 25

properties

Question 26

Each element in Periods 2 and 3 has one more valence electron than the element to its ______

Answer 26

left

Question 27

Where are the noble gases located on the Periodic Table?

Answer 27

Group 18, they have 8 valance electrons (not Helium with 2)

Question 28

What makes Noble gases unique?

Answer 28

They are stable, they do not gain or lose electrons, or share them with other atoms. They do not react easily with other elements

Question 29

Where are the metals on the Periodic Table?

Answer 29

Blue section of the table

Question 30

How do metals react?

Answer 30

By losing their valence electrons

Question 31

The reactivity of metals ________ from left to right across the table

Answer 31

decreases

Question 32

Describe the alkali metals

Answer 32

1. located on the far left side in group 1
2. most reactive in its period
3. 1 valence electron
4. so reactive that they can cause an explosion when added to water

Question 33

Where are the nonmetals located on the table?

Answer 33

In the orange section

Question 34

Describe the nonmetals

Answer 34

1. become stable when they gain or share enough electrons
2. combine with metals by gaining electrons
3. combine with other nonmentals and metalloids by sharing electrons

Question 35

Describe the halogens

Answer 35

1. in group 17
2. 7 valence electrons
3. react easily with other elements

Question 36

Describe metalloids

Answer 36

1. lie along with zigzag line in the periodic table
2. can lose or share electrons
3. has some properties of metals and some of the nonmetals

Question 37

Describe Hydrogen

Answer 37

1. in group 1 on the table because it has 1 valence electron
2. Considered a nonmetal
3. very different from the properties of alkali metals
4. shares electrons when forming compounds