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7th Grade Science > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

A

Matter

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2
Q

The study of matter and how matter changes.

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

A single kind of matter that is pure, meaning that it always has a specific makeup or composition.

A

Substance

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4
Q

Are all types of matter substances?

A

No

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5
Q

Two examples of substances:

A

Salt, Water

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6
Q

What is matter described by?

A

Its properties

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7
Q

What are the the two kinds of properties that every form of matter has?

A

Physical and Chemical

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8
Q

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance.

A

Physical Property

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9
Q

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances.

A

Chemical Property

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10
Q

Example of physical property:

A

The three states of water. Even though it looks different, it is still water.

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11
Q

Two examples of chemical property:

A

Iron - reacts to oxygen forming rust

Silver - reacts with sulfur in the air forming tarnish

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12
Q

What are the four “elements” Empedocles believed matter was made of in 450 B.C.?

A

Air, Earth, Fire, Water

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13
Q

How many elements do scientists know of?

A

118

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14
Q

What are the simplest substances?

A

Elements

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15
Q

What can each elements be identified by?

A

Specific physical and chemical properties

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16
Q

What does the particle theory explain?

A

All matter is made up of atoms

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17
Q

What are the basic particle form which all elements are made of?

A

Atoms

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18
Q

What is at the center of an atom and what is its charge?

A

Nucleus, positive

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19
Q

What surrounds the nucleus and what is its charge?

A

A “cloud” of negative charge

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20
Q

Why do elements have different properties?

A

Their atoms are different from each other.

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21
Q

When atoms combine, what do they form?

A

A chemical bond

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22
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

A force of attraction between two atoms

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23
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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24
Q

Do molecules have to be made up of the same type of atom?

A

No, but they can be

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25
Q

What are some examples of common molecules?

A

Oxygen molecule -2 oxygen atoms
Water - 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atoms
Carbon dioxide - 1 carbon atoms and 2 oxygen atoms

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26
Q

A substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined.

A

Compound

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27
Q

Are elements made up of different or the same type of atoms?

A

The same. Elements can be one atom or molecules made up of the same type of atom.

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28
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

A statement that shows the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms.

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29
Q

What is an example of a chemical formula?

A

C02: carbon dioxide

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30
Q

Are all all compounds molecules? And are all molecules compounds?

A

All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.

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31
Q

If there is no number after a element’s symbol in a chemical formula then it is understood that the number is what?

A

1

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32
Q

When elements chemically combine, do they form compounds with properties that are the same or different from the elements?

A

Different from the elements

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33
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Tow or more substances that are together in the same place but their atoms are not chemically bonded. Each substance in a mixture keeps its own properties.

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34
Q

What is a heterogenous mixture?

A

You can see the the different parts of a mixture and they can be easily separated out.

35
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

You can’t see the different parts of a mixture and it would be difficult to separate the parts.

36
Q

What is an example of a heterogenous mixture?

A

Sand

37
Q

What is an example of a homogenous mixture?

A

Air

38
Q

Can mixtures be separated?

A

Yes, by filtration, magnetic attraction, distillation, evaporation.

39
Q

A measure of the force of gravity on something.

A

Weight

40
Q

What instrument measures weight?

A

Scale

41
Q

Can the same object weight differently depending on location?

A

Yes, you weigh less on the moon because there is less gravity.

42
Q

The amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

43
Q

Can the same object have a different mass depending on location?

A

No, mass is not measured by gravity like weight is

44
Q

What do scientists prefer to use, mass or weight?

A

Mass, because it doesn’t change as a result of gravity.

45
Q

What do scientists use to measure the properties of matter?

A

International System of Units (SI)

46
Q

What is the SI unit for mass?

A

Kilogram (kg)

47
Q

What is the amount of space that matter occupies called?

A

Volume

48
Q

What is the SI unit for volume?

A

Cubic Meter (m3)

49
Q

What are some common unites of volume?

A

cubic centimeter (cm3), liter (L)

50
Q

What is the measure of the mass of a material in a given volume?

A

Density

51
Q

Can two materials have the same weight but different masses?

A

Yes, because one material might be more dense than another.

52
Q

How can you determine the density of a sample of matter?

A

Divide the mass by its volume

Density = Mass/volume

53
Q

Why happens when a material has a density less than water?

A

It will float

54
Q

Can density be used to determine the identify of an unknown substance?

A

Yes, if the density of an unknown substance matches the density of a known substance, it is probably that substance. Gold miners used this method.

55
Q

A change in the form or appearance of matter but not ta change in what the substance is.

A

Physical change

56
Q

Is a substance that undergoes a physical change still the same substance?

A

Yes

57
Q

Is melting water a physical or chemical change?

A

Physical

58
Q

Are changes in the states of matter physicals or chemical changes.

A

Physical

59
Q

Is dissolving a physical or chemical change?

A

Physical

60
Q

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances.

A

Chemical change

61
Q

When a single substance breaks down into two or more other substances is it a chemical or physical change?

A

Chemical, Example: hydrogen peroxide broken into water and oxygen

62
Q

When two or more substances combine to form different substances is it a chemical or physical change?

A

Chemical, Example: Photosynthesis

63
Q

What are some common processes that lead to chemicial changes?

A

Combustion (burning), electrolysis, oxidation, and tarnishing.

64
Q

How does electrolysis cause a chemical change?

A

Use of electricity to break a compound into elements.

65
Q

How does oxidation cause a chemical change?

A

Combination of a substance with oxygen.

66
Q

How does tarnishing cause a chemical change?

A

Slow combination of a bright metal with sulfur or another substance.

67
Q

The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change.

A

Law of conservation of mass

(During a chemical change, atoms are not lost or gained, only rearranged.

68
Q

What is the ability to do work or cause change?

A

energy

69
Q

Do all chemical and physical changes in matter include a change in engery?

A

Yes

70
Q

Give two examples of changes that require energy?

A
  1. bending a paper clip

2. ice melting

71
Q

Like matter, _________ is conserved in a chemical change.

A

Energy

72
Q

Can energy be created or destroyed?

A

No, it can only be transformed from one form to another

73
Q

What is the measure of how hot or cold something is?

A

Temperature

74
Q

What is temperature related to?

A

The energy of motion of the particles of matter.

75
Q

What is the total energy of motion of all of the particles in an object called?

A

Thermal energy

76
Q

Are temperature and thermal energy the same thing?

A

No, but the amount of thermal energy an object has is related to its temperature.

77
Q

Where does thermal energy naturally flow from?

A

From warmer matter to cooler matter

78
Q

What is a change in which energy is absorb called?

A

Endothermic change

79
Q

Give an example of an endothermic change.

A

Ice melting in a picnic basket and cooling the food.

80
Q

What is an change in which energy is given off called?

A

Exothermic change

81
Q

Give an example of an exothermic change

A

Combustion (a chemical change that releases thermal energy and light)

82
Q

What is the energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms called?

A

Chemical energy

83
Q

Where can chemical energy be stored?

A

Foods, fuels, and the cells of your body

84
Q

Can chemical energy change into other forms of energy, and can other forms of energy change into chemical energy?

A

Yes, riding a bike up a hill…chemical energy from food you ate change into energy of motion

7th Grade Science (8 decks)

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