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PH107:Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, Drug Delivery System & Medical Devices > Solid Dosage Forms > Flashcards

Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards

Powders

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Intimate mixtures of dry, finely divided drugs or chemicals that may be intended for internal or external use

A

Powders

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2
Q

Advantages of powders

A

-Relatively dry
-easy to absorb
-ease and flexibility in compounding
-for eutectic mixture

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3
Q

Disadvantages of powders

A

-Can’t mask undesirable taste
-Inconvenient to carry/ dispense
-Inaccuracy in dose
-Not easily wetted

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4
Q

Liquefy when in close and prolonged contact with one another
ex: phenol, camphor, menthol, thymol, aspirin, phenylsalicylate

A

Eutectic Mixtures

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5
Q

To obtain quantitative data on the size, distribution, and shapes of drug and
other components to be used in pharmaceutical formulation

A

Particle size analysis

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6
Q

PARTICLE SIZE CAN INFLUENCE VARIETY OF FACTORS:

A
  1. Dissolution Rate of particles intended to dissolve
  2. Suspendability of particles
  3. Uniform distribution of drug substances in a powder or solid dosage form
  4. Penetrability of particles intended to be inhaled
  5. Lack of grittiness of solid particles in dermal preparations
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7
Q

Particle size analysis

A

Sieving
Microscopy
Sedimentation rate
Light energy diffraction or light scattering
Laser holography
Cascade Impaction

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8
Q

USP Standards for Powders:
Animal & Vegetable Drugs

A

Very coarse
no.8 sieve
nmt 20% thru a no. 60 sieve
Coarse
no. 20 sieve
nmt 40% thru a no. 60 sieve
Moderately coarse
no. 40 sieve
nmt 40% thru a no. 80 sieve
Fine
no.60 sieve
nmt 40% thru a no. 100 sieve
very fine
no. 80 sieve
no limit to greater fineness

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9
Q

Standards for Chemical Powders:

A

Coarse
No. 20 sieve
Nmt 60% thru a No. 40 sieve
Moderately Coarse
No. 40 sieve
Nmt 60% thru a No. 40 sieve
Fine
No. 80 sieve
No limit to greater fineness
Very Fine
No. 120 sieve
No limit to greater fineness

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10
Q

COMMINUTION SMALL SCALE:

A

Trituration
Levigation
Pulverization by intervention

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11
Q

A mechanical process of reducing particle size of solids

A

Comminution

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12
Q

grinding a drug in a mortar and pestle to reduce its particle size

A

Trituration

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13
Q

forms a paste through the addition of a non-solvent (levigating agent); uses a
mortar & pestle and ointment tile

A

Levigation

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14
Q

do not dissolve the active ingredient (e.q. mineral oil, glycerin)

A

Levigating agent

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15
Q

addition of a volatile substance (e.q. camphor + alc, iodine
crystal + ether)

A

Pulverization by intervention

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16
Q

MORTAR & PESTLE:

A

Glass
Wedgewood
Porcelain
Metal

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17
Q

non-porous, smooth surface
(suspensions, ointments)

A

Glass

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18
Q

crystalline solids

A

Wedgewood

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19
Q

soft aggregates/ crystalline

A

Porcelain

20
Q

not to be used in reactive substance

A

Metal

21
Q

Comminution of drugs

LARGE SCALE:

A

Mills
Pulverizers
ex: FitzMill Comminutor

22
Q

Mixing/ Blending Powders

A
  1. Trituration
  2. Spatulation
  3. Geometric Dilution
  4. Sifting
  5. Tumbling (rotating chamber)
23
Q

To comminute and to mix powders by using mortar
& pestle

A

Trituration

24
Q

-Used when a small amount of potent substance is
mixed with a large amount of diluent
-Indicated when the potent and other ingredients are:
◦ Same color
◦ Visible sign of mixing is lacking

A

Geometric Dilution

24
Q

-Uses spatula on a sheet of paper/ ointment tile
-Not suitable for large quantities of powders or
powder containing potent substances
-Suited in mixing solid substances that form eutectic
mixtures

A

Spatulation

25
Q

-Sifters were used→ results in a light & fluffy product
- Not acceptable for incorporation of potent drugs into
a diluent powder

A

Sifting

25
Q

◦ Use of a machine/ motorized equipment
(for industrialized purposes)
◦ Time consuming

A

Tumbling (rotating chamber)

26
Q

Used orally and may exert:
◦ Local effects (e.q. Laxatives)
◦ Systemic effects (e.q. Analgesic)

A

Medicated Powders

26
Q

-Preferred than tablets and capsules by patients who have difficulty
swallowing solid dosage forms
-Administered as powder: if doses of some drugs are too bulky (can’t be
made into a capsule or tablet)

A

Medicated Powders

26
Q

Contain inert propellants and pharmaceutical diluents (crystalline alpha-lactose monohydrate)
◦ To aid in the formulation’s flow properties & metering uniformity
◦ To protect the powder from humidity
Administered by inhalation with the aid of: dry-powder inhalers

A

Aerosolized Powders

26
Q

Aerosolized Powders
◦ 1μm to 6μm in diameter
◦ Mechanical devices used: pressurized aerosols, spinhaler (cromolyn Na), Blowers or insufflators

A

For asthma and other bronchial conditions

27
Q

◦ Form of individual dosing units (block & divide method)
◦ Dispensed in: chartulae (folded paper), metal foil, small heat-sealed or
resealable plastic bags
◦ Examples: Headache powders, powdered: laxatives and douche powders
◦ Properly blended using the geometric dilution method for potent
substances

A

Divided powders

27
Q

◦ Glazed, transparent, moisture-resistant paper

A

Glassine

27
Q

◦ Contains non-potent substances
◦ Dispensed in bulked quantities; dispensed in bulk containers: perforated or
sifter can, aerosol container, wide mouthed glass
◦ Dispensed as bulk powders in pre-packaged amounts:
◦ Antacids (e.q. Sodium bicarbonate) and Laxatives (e.q. Psyllium)
◦ Douche powders (e.q. Massengil powder)
◦ Topical Anti-infectives (e.q. Bacitracin Zn, Polymyxin B sulfate) or Anti-fungals (e.q. Tolnaftate)
◦ Non-medicated: Brewer’s yeast powder
◦ Dentrifices

A

Bulk Powders

27
Q

Thin, Opaque, moisture resistant paper

A

Vegetable parchment

27
Q

◦ Opaque paper with no moisture-resistant
property

A

Simple bond paper

27
Q

TYPES OF PAPERS USED:

A

Simple bond paper
Vegetable parchment
Glassine
Waxed paper

27
Q

TYPES OF POWDERS

A

Bulk powders
Divided powders

28
Q

Transparent, waterproof paper

A

Waxed paper

29
Q

POWDERS CONTAINING:
◦ Hygroscopic & Deliquescent materials

A

◦ Double wrapped in waxed/ waterproof paper

30
Q

POWDERS CONTAINING:
◦ Limited barrier against moisture is necessary

A

◦ Use glassine & vegetable parchment paper

31
Q

◦ Volatile components

A

◦ Wrapped in glassine or waxed paper and sealed in a heat-
sealed plastic bag

32
Q

◦ Neither volatile components nor ingredients
adversely affected by air or moisture

A

◦ White bond paper

33
Q

-Substances are solids that absorb moisture from the atmosphere until they dissolve in the absorbed water and form solutions
can absorb a high amount of water vapor
are called desiccants
Have a very high affinity for water
form an aqueous solution by absorbing water vapor

A

Deliquescent

34
Q

substances are solid that can undergo spontaneous loss of water from hydrated salts
Do not absorb water vapor
Substances are crystals
Have no considerable affinity for water
Do not form a solution

A

Efflorescent

35
Q

Substances are solids that can absorb or adsorb water from its surroundings
can either absorb or adsorb water vapor
are called humectants
Have a less affinity for water
Do not form a solution, but absorb water vapor

A

H

PH107:Pharmaceutical Dosage Form, Drug Delivery System & Medical Devices (13 decks)

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