History of Pharmacy Practice Flashcards
first soothing
application
Cool water, a leaf, dirt, or mud
Human beings seek natural cures for their ailments
plants, animals and
minerals
called the cradle of
civilization, provides the earliest known
record of practice of the art of
apothecary.
Around 2400 BC- Babylon, of ancient
Mesopotamia,
Practitioners of healing in this era were
priest, pharmacists and physicians
the
first sign of the sickness, the prescription,
and the compounding instructions were
written
On clay tablets or Sumerian cuneiform,
an emperor sought
out and investigated the medicinal value of several
medicinal herbs.
Around 2000 BC- SHEN NUNG,
written by Shen Nung, is a collection of
365 native herbs
Pen T-Sao
Medicinal plants include:
podophyllum, rhubarb,
ginseng, stramonium, cinnamon bark, ma huang or
ephedra
a medicinal record
from Ancient Egypt contains a collection of 800
prescriptions, 700 medications, and some recorded
formulas for lotions, inhalations, gargles, tablets,
ointments, and poultices
Around 1500 BC- “Papyrus Ebers”
among the greatest
early Greek philosophers and natural scientists, is
called- the Father of Botany
– He holds belladonna, behind him are pomegranate
blooms, senna, and manuscript scrolls
– Used as slates were slabs of ivory, coated with colored
beeswax
Around 300 BC- THEOPHRASTUS
an early “trademarked” drug.
* A clay tablet made on the
Mediterranean Island of Lemos which
holds medicinal tablets that carry a
trademark, to identify the source and
inspire trust in their products
Around 500 BC- Terra Sigillata (Sealed
Earth),
Around 600 BC- The earliest
recorded occurrence of a
compounded medication in
INDIAN Traditional medicine is
found in
SUSHRATA SAMHITA
Two or more echelons:
Gatherers and preparers of drugs
* “Chiefs of fabrications”, or head pharmacists
– They worked in the “House of Life”
the royal toxicologist
Mithridates VI
He is remarkable in Pharmacy history and is called the
Royal Toxicologist where his widely recognized
MITHRIDATUM was used as a poisonous substance
antidote
Mithridates VI- King of Pontus
He pursued to discover the art of poisoning, avoiding
poison, and treating it.
Around 100 BC- Mithridates VI- King of Pontus
was used as a poisonous substance
antidote
MITHRIDATUM
He experimented on himself and his prisoners for poisons
and antidotes which leads him to create one against all
kinds of poison
Mithridates VI- King of Pontus
a
notable individual who made substantial
contribution in Pharmacy Practice.
Around 1
st Century A.D.- Pedanios Dioscorides
commonly known as GALEN, was a Roman Greek physician,
surgeon, and philosopher.
– The first physician to use the pulse as a sign of illness
– His name still is associated with that class of
pharmaceuticals compounded by mechanical means-
Galenicals
– Originator of the formula for a cold cream
Around 130-200 AD- Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus
His work, DE MATERIA MEDICA is a record of his findings
and specifications for the acquisition, storage, and usage
of medications. It has a record of nearly 500 plants and
remedies prepared from plants, animals and metals.
Pedanios Dioscorides
Because they refused payment for their services, they
were called the “silverless ones.” Their tomb in the Syrian
City of Cyprus was made a shrine and many miracles
were attributed to them
DAMIAN- the apothecary
– COSMAS- the physician
Twin brothers of Arabian descent, and devout Christian
DAMIAN- the apothecary
– COSMAS- the physician
who contributed greatly to the pharmacy
practice by compiling texts, in which he introduced the use of
“mercurial ointments” and his development of apparatus such
as mortars, flasks, spatulas and vials, which were used in
pharmacies until the early twentieth century.
One of the greatest Arab physicians was Abu Bakr al-Razi or
Rhazes (Latin name)-
