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Plant Science > Soil > Flashcards

Soil Flashcards

soil. ph. minerals. elements. water

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1
Q

is what letter is capital in ph

A

lowercase p Capital H

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2
Q

what does pH mean

A

p - inverse log function
H - Hydrogen

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3
Q

what element is C

A

carbon

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4
Q

What element is H

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

what element is O

A

oxygen

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6
Q

what element is N

A

Nitrogen

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7
Q

What element is P

A

phosphorus

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8
Q

what element is K

A

potassium

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9
Q

why is potassium K

A

K for Kalium. its German

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10
Q

what is pH

A

measurement for hydrogen ions

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11
Q

what is H in reference to ions

A

it has no charge

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12
Q

what is H+ in reference to charged ions

A

positively charged. a cation.

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12
Q

what is H- in reference to ions

A

negatively charged. a anion

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12
Q

what does water molecules look like

A

mickey mouse. 2 hydrogen ears, 1 oxygen body.

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13
Q

adhesion

A

sticking to something else

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13
Q

cohesion

A

sticks to itself

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13
Q

are water molecules polar

A

yes

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14
Q

what makes surface tension

A

cohesion and adhesion

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14
Q

how does water go ups stuff

A

it pulls itself up

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15
Q

what is a universal solvent

A

water

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16
Q

is hydrogen positive or negative

A

positive

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17
Q

is hydroxide positive or negative

A

negative

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18
Q

what is soil made up of

A

minerals, water, air, organic matter

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18
Q

what are the minerals in soil

A

sand, silt, clay

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19
Q

what is the pH scale

A

0-14.
0-7: acidic
7: neutral
8-14: base/alkaline

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20
Q

what percent of soil is water

A

25%

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20
Q

what percent of soil is minerals

A

45%

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21
Q

what percent of soil is air

A

25%

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21
Q

what is in air

A

oxygen and nitrogen

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22
Q

what percent of soil is organic matter

A

5%

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23
Q

what are sand particles

A

biggest particle
.05mm - 2.0mm
round, gritty, adds porosity, reduces water holding capacity

24
Q

what is silt

A

medium particle
.002mm-.05mm
round but hard to detect, smooth but does not stick together well, good for porosity, helps water holding capacity

25
Q

what do ribbon tests check for

A

clay

25
Q

what is clay

A

smallest particle
less than .002mm
flat, platy, sticky when wet, bad for porosity, ties up water so plants can use it.

25
Q

what is a loam

A

mix of sand, silt, clay optimal for plant growing

26
Q

permeability rate

A

how quickly water goes through soil

27
Q

water holding capacity

A

how much water is retained by soil particles

28
Q

what does permeability depend on

A

texture, structure, organic matter (porosity)

29
Q

what makes pores in soil

A

roots, organic matter, animals, soil particle size/fit

30
Q

rapid permeability characteristics

A

sands and silts. strong to any. porous

31
Q

slow permeability characteristics

A

clays, weak and massive, not porous.

32
Q

high water holding capacity characteristics

A

silts, loams, clays. organic matter present

33
Q

low water holding capacity characteristics

A

sand. organic matter absent

34
Q

available water

A

free for plants to use

35
Q

unavailable water

A

held too tightly by clay particles and surface tension

36
Q

saturated soils

A

have excess water that will run off increasing erosion concerns

37
Q

essential elements for proper growth and plant development

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

38
Q

macronutrients elements for proper growth and plant development

A

calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus. potassium, sulfur

39
Q

micronutrients elements for proper growth and plant development

A

boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc

40
Q

elements found in atmosphere

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

41
Q

atmospheric elements combine into what

A

carbon dioxide, water, glucose

42
Q

macro nutrients are required in large or trace amounts

A

large

43
Q

micronutrients are required in high or trace amounts

A

trace

44
Q

primary are required in the highest or lower

A

highest

45
Q

secondary are required in the highest or lower amounts

A

lower

46
Q

primary macronutrients

A

Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium

47
Q

what is nitrogen for

A

present in chlorophyll
increases vegetive growth
deficiency symptoms: stunted growth, pale yellow color, yellow color fires

48
Q

nitrogen deficiency symptoms

A

stunted growth, pale yellow color, yellow color fires

49
Q

what is phosphorous for

A

early plant growth
reproduction

50
Q

what is potassium for

A

photosynthesis, primarily sugar transformation

51
Q

phosphorous deficiency symptoms

A

reddish coloring on underside of leaves. low quantity of flowers and fruits, weak and spindly growth

52
Q

potassium deficiency

A

slow growth, brown leaf tips and leaf margins, poor fruit and seed quality

53
Q

secondary macronutrients

A

calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S)

54
Q

what is sulfur for

A

amino acids, enzyme production chlorophyll formation

54
Q

what is magnesium for

A

produces chlorophyll, regulates plant nutrient metabolism

55
Q

sources of plant nutrients

A

organic substances, legumes, chemical fertalizers

56
Q

legumes

A

peanuts, soybeans, vetch

56
Q

organic substances

A

manure, sludge, compost.

57
Q

what do legumes do

A

fix nitrogen. improves nitrogen content in soil, often rotated with nitrogen depleting crops since most other crops deplete nitrogen

57
Q

what do organic substances do

A

manure contains nutrients in varying amounts. composting raises organic matter content destroying pathogens

58
Q

chemical fertilizers

A

manufactured fertilizers. inorganic compounds concentrate desired nutrients.

59
Q

forms of chemical fertilizers

A

dry, liquid, liquid soluble powder

59
Q

benifits and disadvantages of manufactured fertalizers

A

benefits: easy to apply, concentrated, readily available, formulated plants needs
disadvantages: expensive, petroleum based

59
Q

is it easier to make a soil more alkaline or acidic

A

its easier to de-acidify. you can add lime.

60
Q

if pH is wrong will fertilizer help

A

no. you need to fix the pH

Plant Science (7 decks)

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