Roots Flashcards

1
Q

4 major plant parts

A

leaf flower stem roots

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2
Q

types of roots

A

fibrous, taproot, storage root, prop

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3
Q

function of roots

A

Anchor plant in soil
uptake water
uptake dissolved nutrients
store food reserves

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4
Q

primary roots

A

comes from radicle of the embryo and gives rise to the taproot

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5
Q

secondary roots

A

roots that grow from the primary root

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6
Q

fibrous roots

A

no visible primary root
clumps of very thin roots
usually in shallow soil. it knits up the soil.
ex. grass.

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7
Q

tap roots

A

large descending primary root, many secondary roots branching from primary root, typically grow in very deep soil. lots of space for storage
ex. carrot

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8
Q

storage roots

A

large primary root structure stores food reserves, found on biannual and perennial plants, regenerate vegetative growth after winter, agricultural root crops.

ex. beets

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9
Q

apical meristem

A

growth at region of the tip of the roots

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10
Q

root cap

A

cell mass protecting meristem

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11
Q

epidermal cells

A

outer skin of root

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12
Q

root hairs

A

responsible for uptake of water and dissolved nutrients

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13
Q

vascular tissue

A

xylem and phloem; the “plumbing” of the plant

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14
Q

cambium

A

meristematic; growth in girth

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15
Q

cortex

A

internal root tissues for storage

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16
Q

endodermis

A

inner most layer of cortex

17
Q

pericycle

A

layer of cells that surrounds vascular tissue

18
Q

perenchyma

A

simple permanent tissue in the plants. thin walled and makes up the bulk of the plants soft tissues

19
Q

active transport

20
Q

passive transport

A

uses no ATP

21
Q

diffusion

A

can be anything-
movement of particles from areas of higher concentration of areas of lower concentration until equilibrium.

22
Q

osmosis

A

is diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane separating 2 solutions

23
Q

how to plant roots absorb water

A

water uptake through osmosis

24
Q

hypertonic

A

lower H2O concentration outside of cell
H2O moves out
cell shrinks

25
isotonic
Equal H2O concentration in and outside of cell
26
hypotonic
Higher H2O concentration outside of cell H2O moves inn cell expands
27
where does osmosis happen
root hairs.
28
Fluid transfer
When water and nutrients are drawn up the soil causes imbalance between cell content and soil They pass through cell membrane in root hairs to balance deficiency
29
Turgor
internal water pressure of plant (crunchiness of lettuce/ erect penis is erect because of blood flow causing turgidity)
30
Underwatering
Plant will wilt. not enough water means plant will deflate. water loss will happen from the roots causing plant to wilt and shut down the physiological process
31
Overwatering
Soil cant distribute too much water to plants unless it is saturated. The plant wont absorb any more water if turgid. Soil is saturated with water and the root hairs die from lack of oxygen. End the uptake of water and nutrients. - overwatering = turgidity + no oxygen in soil = death