Roots

Question 1

4 major plant parts

Answer 1

leaf flower stem roots

Question 2

types of roots

Answer 2

fibrous, taproot, storage root, prop

Question 3

function of roots

Answer 3

Anchor plant in soil
uptake water
uptake dissolved nutrients
store food reserves

Question 4

primary roots

Answer 4

comes from radicle of the embryo and gives rise to the taproot

Question 5

secondary roots

Answer 5

roots that grow from the primary root

Question 6

fibrous roots

Answer 6

no visible primary root
clumps of very thin roots
usually in shallow soil. it knits up the soil.
ex. grass.

Question 7

tap roots

Answer 7

large descending primary root, many secondary roots branching from primary root, typically grow in very deep soil. lots of space for storage
ex. carrot

Question 8

storage roots

Answer 8

large primary root structure stores food reserves, found on biannual and perennial plants, regenerate vegetative growth after winter, agricultural root crops.

ex. beets

Question 9

apical meristem

Answer 9

growth at region of the tip of the roots

Question 10

root cap

Answer 10

cell mass protecting meristem

Question 11

epidermal cells

Answer 11

outer skin of root

Question 12

root hairs

Answer 12

responsible for uptake of water and dissolved nutrients

Question 13

vascular tissue

Answer 13

xylem and phloem; the “plumbing” of the plant

Question 14

cambium

Answer 14

meristematic; growth in girth

Question 15

cortex

Answer 15

internal root tissues for storage

Question 16

endodermis

Answer 16

inner most layer of cortex

Question 17

pericycle

Answer 17

layer of cells that surrounds vascular tissue

Question 18

perenchyma

Answer 18

simple permanent tissue in the plants. thin walled and makes up the bulk of the plants soft tissues

Question 19

active transport

Answer 19

uses ATP

Question 20

passive transport

Answer 20

uses no ATP

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

can be anything-
movement of particles from areas of higher concentration of areas of lower concentration until equilibrium.

Question 22

osmosis

Answer 22

is diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane separating 2 solutions

Question 23

how to plant roots absorb water

Answer 23

water uptake through osmosis

Question 24

hypertonic

Answer 24

lower H2O concentration outside of cell
H2O moves out
cell shrinks

Question 25

isotonic

Answer 25

Equal H2O concentration in and outside of cell

Question 26

hypotonic

Answer 26

Higher H2O concentration outside of cell
H2O moves inn
cell expands

Question 27

where does osmosis happen

Answer 27

root hairs.

Question 28

Fluid transfer

Answer 28

When water and nutrients are drawn up the soil
causes imbalance between cell content and soil
They pass through cell membrane in root hairs to balance deficiency

Question 29

Turgor

Answer 29

internal water pressure of plant
(crunchiness of lettuce/ erect penis is erect because of blood flow causing turgidity)

Question 30

Underwatering

Answer 30

Plant will wilt. not enough water means plant will deflate. water loss will happen from the roots causing plant to wilt and shut down the physiological process

Question 31

Overwatering

Answer 31

Soil cant distribute too much water to plants unless it is saturated. The plant wont absorb any more water if turgid. Soil is saturated with water and the root hairs die from lack of oxygen. End the uptake of water and nutrients. - overwatering = turgidity + no oxygen in soil = death