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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (3) Trauma > Soft Tissue Trauma > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Trauma Flashcards

Learn the different interventions and causes of soft tissue trauma

1
Q

What is the largest organ of the human body?

A

skin

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2
Q

Define:

blunt injury

A

An injury from a direct energy transfer between an object and the patient.

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3
Q

What is the leading form of injury?

A

soft tissue trauma

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4
Q

What is the function of the skin?

A
  • It protects underlying tissues.
  • Temperature regulator.
  • Prevents water loss.
  • A sensory organ for brain.
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5
Q

Fill in the blank.

The three layers of the skin are the _____, _____, and _____.

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

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6
Q

What does the epidermis protect from?

A
  • water
  • dust
  • microorganisms
  • mechanical stress
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7
Q

What layer of skin are the vessels located in?

A

dermis

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8
Q

What is the purpose of collagen in the skin?

A
  • gives strength to skin
  • resistance to breakage
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9
Q

Fill in the blank.

_____ gives elasticity to skin.

A

Elastin

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10
Q

What are the structures that can be found within the dermis?

A
  • nerves
  • vessels
  • sweat glands
  • hair follicles
  • sebaceous gland
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11
Q

Fill in the blank.

The tissue layer beneath the dermis is the ______.

A

subcutaneous

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12
Q

What are skin tension lines?

A

Tautness of skin that varies throughout the body.

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13
Q

Define:

closed wound

A

Soft tissues injured beneath the surface without breaking the epidermis.

E.g. contusion

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14
Q

Define:

open wound

A

Disruption of the skin.

Ex: Abrasions, lacerations, bites, impaled objects

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15
Q

What can result from a crush injury?

A

Compartment Syndrome

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16
Q

How does compartment syndrome affect metabolism?

A

Anaerobic metabolism occurs because arterial flow and oxygenated blood are cut off, creating pyruvic acid.

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17
Q

List the five steps in wound healing.

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Inflammation
  3. Epitheliazation
  4. Neovascularization
  5. Collagen synthesis
18
Q

Define:

hemostasis

A

Bleeding stops because of the clotting cascade.

19
Q

Define:

inflammation

A

White blood cells moves to an injured site and repairs/kills pathogens that have entered the area.

20
Q

Define:

epithelialization

A

Epithelial cells move up to the damaged epithelial cells.

21
Q

Define:

neovascularization

A

Formation of new blood vessels.

22
Q

What are some high-risk wounds for infections?

Hint: bite

A

human and animal bite

23
Q

What should you do with an impaled object in a patient?

A

Do not remove.

24
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of infection on the skin?

A
  • erythema
  • pus
  • warmth
  • edema
  • discomfort
25
Q

What anaerobic, toxin-producing bacterium is responsible for gangrene?

A

Clostridium Perfringens

26
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of tetanus?

A
  • lock jaw
  • stiff neck

Progressive stiffness throughout the body.

27
Q

Define:

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Flesh-eating disease

A

Death of tissue from bacterial infection.

28
Q

Treatment:

closed wounds

Hint: I-C-E-S

A
  • Ice/Cold Packs
  • Compression
  • Elevate
  • Splint
29
Q

Define:

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Damaged muscles release myoglobin into the bloodstream.

30
Q

Fill in the blank.

The tissue beneath the subcutaneous layer is called the ____ ____.

A

deep fascia

31
Q

What bacteria is commonly responsible for Necrotizing Fasciitis?

A

Staphylococus Auerus

32
Q

Treatment:

open wounds

A
  • control bleeding
  • keep clean
  • irrigation, if contaminated
33
Q

Treatment:

neck lacerations

A

occlusive dressing

34
Q

When treating, dressing, or stabilizing a hand/wrist injury, in what position should the hand be placed?

A

position of function

Place a gauze roll in the hand.

35
Q

Treatment:

abrasion

A

Cover lightly with sterile dressing.

36
Q

Treatment:

laceration

A
  • direct pressure
  • dressing
  • tourniquet, if severe
37
Q

Treatment:

impaled objects

A
  • Do not remove.
  • Bleeding control with compression.
  • Do not shorten object unless cumbersome.
  • Stabilize with bulky dressing and immobilize if possible.
38
Q

Treatment:

avulsion of skin

A
  • Clean/irrigate avulsed tissue.
  • Place back in anatomic position.
  • Cover with dry sterile dressing.
39
Q

How do you transport an amputated body part?

A
  • rinse debris
  • wrap part in loose saline-moistened gauze
  • seal in bag
  • place in cool container
40
Q

Treatment:

Crush Syndrome

A
  • Obtain IV access prior to removal.
  • Use Normal Saline.
  • Administer Sodium Bicarbonate.
  • Administer Mannitol.
  • Administer 25G D50 with 10 IU Insulin.
  • Administer Calcium (only if dysrhythmias are present).
41
Q

What is the urine output goal for a patient with crush syndrome?

A

300 ml/hr

EMT-P (3) Trauma (10 decks)

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