Burns

Question 1

Define:

superficial burn

Answer 1

Burns to the epidermis.

Question 2

Define:

partial-thickness burns

Answer 2

Burns to the dermis.

Question 3

Define:

full-thickness burn

Answer 3

Burns through both layers of skin (epidermis and dermis).

Question 4

What are the signs/symptoms of airway burns?

Answer 4

• stridor
• burns to pharynx
• singed nasal hairs
• airway edema

Question 5

What is the Parkland burn formula?

Answer 5

4ml x BSA x kg

Half over first 8hrs; Half over last 16hours

Question 6

Why do you apply a dry sterile dressing to full-thickness burns?

Answer 6

• Bacteria travels with more ease through water than air.
• Water could cause further hypothermia.

Question 7

When do you use a wet sterile dressing for burns?

Answer 7

• superficial
• partial thickness

Question 8

What is the Rule of Nines?

Answer 8

Estimation of surface area burned depending on the body section involved.

Question 9

What is the Palm Rule?

Answer 9

The palm is 1% of TBSA.

Question 10

What are some examples of chemical burn acids?

Answer 10

• Battery acid
• HCl acid
• HFl acid

Question 11

What are some examples of chemical bases and alkalis?

Answer 11

• Potassium
• Hydroxide
• Lime
• Drain cleaner
• Lye

Question 12

What are some examples of oxidizing agents?

Answer 12

• Hydrogen Peroxide
• Sodium Chlorate

Question 13

What are some examples of phosphorus agents?

Answer 13

• Ammunition
• Fireworks

Question 14

What are some examples of Vesicant agents?

Answer 14

• Sulfur Mustard
• Phosgene Oxide

Question 15

Treatment:

Dry Lime exposure

Answer 15

• Clean as much off as possible.
• Irrigate with copious amounts of water.

Alkaline substance

Question 16

Treatment:

Sodium Metal exposure

Answer 16

Cover burn with oil.

Question 17

Treatment:

Hydrofluoric Acid exposure

Answer 17

Calcium Chloride of 10% solution

Use CaGl and KY jelly.

Question 18

What is an arc flash burn?

Answer 18

When an arc makes connection with a person.

Question 19

What is a flame burn from electricity?

Answer 19

When the electric current ignites someone’s clothing.

Question 20

What is the cause of radiation burns?

Answer 20

Acute Radiation exposure

Question 21

What are alpha particles?

Answer 21

Particles with little penetrating energy that are stopped by the skin.

Question 22

What are beta particles?

Answer 22

Particles that can penetrate the skin but are blocked by simple clothing.

Question 23

What are gamma particles?

Answer 23

Particles that can pass through the body and solid materials.

Question 24

What are the signs/symptoms of acute radiation syndrome?

Answer 24

Hematologic, CNS and GI changes.

Question 25

What are the signs/symptoms of superficial burns?

Answer 25

• Redness
• Swollen
• Color will return when touched

Question 26

What are the signs/symptoms of partial-thickness burns?

Answer 26

• blisters
• redness
• painful

Question 27

What are the signs/symptoms of full-thickness burns?

Answer 27

• Leathery
• No capillary refill
• No pain in area

Question 28

What are the rule of 9’s of TBSA for adults?

Answer 28

See picture below

Question 29

What are the differences in TBSA for infant/child vs adult?

Hint: List TBSA difference

Answer 29

Head:

• Adult: 9%
• Child: 2%
• Infant: 18%

Leg:

• Adult: 18%
• Child: 16.5
• Infant: 13.5