Face and Neck Trauma Flashcards
Learn the different interventions and causes of Face and Neck trauma
Describe the process of a blowout fracture.
- Fracture to the orbital floor.
- Results in forces away from the eyeball itself.
Fill in the blank.
The _____ _____ decrease the weight of the skull and provide resonance for voice.
paranasal sinuses
Fill in the blank.
The ____ ____ floats in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible.
hyoid bone
Define:
sclera
White of the eyes.
Define:
cornea
Transparent covering of the eye.
Define:
conjuctiva
Covers sclera and internal surfaces of eye.
Define:
iris
Color of the eye.
True or false.
Maxilla fracture is a fracture of the bottom jaw.
False
The Maxilla is the top jaw.
Think: MAX = Toped out
What substance is the anterior chamber of the eye filled with?
aqueous humor
A clear watery fluid between lens and the cornea.
What substance is the posterior chamber of the eye filled with?
vitreous humor
A jellylike substance that maintains shape of eye.
What are the three parts of the ear?
- External
- Middle
- Internal
Define:
pinna
Outside cartilage of ear.
Define:
cochlea
A shell shaped structure in the inner ear that vibrates and contains fluid to sense balance.
Define:
flexion injuries
Neck moving forward in collision.
A more prevalent cause of injury is that collars prevent movement downward.
What cervical vertebrae is responsible for the diaphragm/breathing of a patient?
C5
Keeps the diaphragm alive.
Define:
diplopia
double vision
Define
hyphema
Bleeding into anterior chamber of the eye.
Define:
retinal detachment
Separation of the inner layers of retina.
Define:
sympathetic eye movement
Movement of both eyes in unison.
Importance of covering both eyes during injury.
How can you test a cerebral spinal fluid?
- test with glucometer
- HALO test
Treatment:
Avulsion of Pinna
Realign the ear and bandage with moist, sterile dressing.
How many teeth does the adult have?
32
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
Motor function to the tongue muscles.
Describe the three types of Le Forte fractures.
Le Fort I: Fracture of maxilla with hard palate and inferior maxilla involvement.
Le Fort II: Fracture with a pyramid shape, nasal bone, and inferior maxilla involvement.
Le Fort III: Separates entire midface from the cranium.
Treatment:
Facial Trauma
- C spine
- Jaw-Thrust Maneuver (airway)
- Consider CRIC if unable to intubate
Define:
conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Typically caused by an infection or foreign bodies.
What are the signs/symptoms of retinal detachment?
- flashing
- light specks
- “floaters” in vision
Typically found in boxing and sports injuries.
Treatment:
chemical burns to the eye
Irrigation of the eye with water/normal saline.
Treatment:
avulsion of eyeball
- Never exert pressure or attempt to reposition globe out of socket.
- Apply moist sterile dressing.
- Cover injured eye and unaffected eye.
Treatment:
impaled object in the eye
- stabilize
- cover the unaffected eye
What are the four ways to irrigate the eye?
- nasal cannula
- shower
- bottle
- basin
What do you do with an avulsed tooth?
Place in sterile saline solution or cold milk.
What is the cause of esophageal perforation?
mediastinitis
Define:
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Fill in the blank.
Open neck wounds should be covered with an _____ _____.
occlusive dressing
Define:
sprain
stretching of ligament
Define:
strain
stretching of tendon/muscle
What are the NEXUS criteria for possible spinal injury?
- spinal tenderness
- focal neurological deficit
- decreased LOC
- intoxication
If one of the above is present, the risk of spinal Injury increases.
