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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (3) Trauma > Face and Neck Trauma > Flashcards

Face and Neck Trauma Flashcards

Learn the different interventions and causes of Face and Neck trauma

1
Q

Describe the process of a blowout fracture.

A
  • Fracture to the orbital floor.
  • Results in forces away from the eyeball itself.
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2
Q

Fill in the blank.

The _____ _____ decrease the weight of the skull and provide resonance for voice.

A

paranasal sinuses

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3
Q

Fill in the blank.

The ____ ____ floats in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible.

A

hyoid bone

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4
Q

Define:

sclera

A

White of the eyes.

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5
Q

Define:

cornea

A

Transparent covering of the eye.

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6
Q

Define:

conjuctiva

A

Covers sclera and internal surfaces of eye.

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7
Q

Define:

iris

A

Color of the eye.

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8
Q

True or false.

Maxilla fracture is a fracture of the bottom jaw.

A

False

The Maxilla is the top jaw.

Think: MAX = Toped out

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9
Q

What substance is the anterior chamber of the eye filled with?

A

aqueous humor

A clear watery fluid between lens and the cornea.

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10
Q

What substance is the posterior chamber of the eye filled with?

A

vitreous humor

A jellylike substance that maintains shape of eye.

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11
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A
  1. External
  2. Middle
  3. Internal
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12
Q

Define:

pinna

A

Outside cartilage of ear.

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13
Q

Define:

cochlea

A

A shell shaped structure in the inner ear that vibrates and contains fluid to sense balance.

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14
Q

Define:

flexion injuries

A

Neck moving forward in collision.

A more prevalent cause of injury is that collars prevent movement downward.

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15
Q

What cervical vertebrae is responsible for the diaphragm/breathing of a patient?

A

C5

Keeps the diaphragm alive.

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16
Q

Define:

diplopia

A

double vision

17
Q

Define

hyphema

A

Bleeding into anterior chamber of the eye.

18
Q

Define:

retinal detachment

A

Separation of the inner layers of retina.

19
Q

Define:

sympathetic eye movement

A

Movement of both eyes in unison.

Importance of covering both eyes during injury.

20
Q

How can you test a cerebral spinal fluid?

A
  • test with glucometer
  • HALO test
21
Q

Treatment:

Avulsion of Pinna

A

Realign the ear and bandage with moist, sterile dressing.

22
Q

How many teeth does the adult have?

A

32

23
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor function to the tongue muscles.

24
Q

Describe the three types of Le Forte fractures.

A

Le Fort I: Fracture of maxilla with hard palate and inferior maxilla involvement.

Le Fort II: Fracture with a pyramid shape, nasal bone, and inferior maxilla involvement.

Le Fort III: Separates entire midface from the cranium.

25
Q

Treatment:

Facial Trauma

A
  • C spine
  • Jaw-Thrust Maneuver (airway)
  • Consider CRIC if unable to intubate
26
Q

Define:

conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Typically caused by an infection or foreign bodies.

27
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of retinal detachment?

A
  • flashing
  • light specks
  • “floaters” in vision

Typically found in boxing and sports injuries.

28
Q

Treatment:

chemical burns to the eye

A

Irrigation of the eye with water/normal saline.

29
Q

Treatment:

avulsion of eyeball

A
  • Never exert pressure or attempt to reposition globe out of socket.
  • Apply moist sterile dressing.
  • Cover injured eye and unaffected eye.
30
Q

Treatment:

impaled object in the eye

A
  • stabilize
  • cover the unaffected eye
31
Q

What are the four ways to irrigate the eye?

A
  1. nasal cannula
  2. shower
  3. bottle
  4. basin
32
Q

What do you do with an avulsed tooth?

A

Place in sterile saline solution or cold milk.

33
Q

What is the cause of esophageal perforation?

A

mediastinitis

34
Q

Define:

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

35
Q

Fill in the blank.

Open neck wounds should be covered with an _____ _____.

A

occlusive dressing

36
Q

Define:

sprain

A

stretching of ligament

37
Q

Define:

strain

A

stretching of tendon/muscle

38
Q

What are the NEXUS criteria for possible spinal injury?

A
  • spinal tenderness
  • focal neurological deficit
  • decreased LOC
  • intoxication

If one of the above is present, the risk of spinal Injury increases.

EMT-P (3) Trauma (10 decks)

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