Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Electrotherapy > Soft Tissue Repair Healing Process > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Repair Healing Process Flashcards

1
Q

What is soft tissue ?

A

Term used to describe various body tissues including:
- skin
- tendon
- ligament
- cartilage
- skeletal muscles
- peripheral nerves
- fat
- lymph
- blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false
Bone is a soft tissue

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which soft tissues are most commonly injured ?

A

Muscles
Tendons
Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false
Soft tissue injuries only occurs during sports and exercise activities

A

False

It can happen as a result of simple everyday activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are common soft tissue injuries

A

Sprains
Strains
Contusion
Tendinitis
Bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are sprains

A

Ligament injuries resulting from tugging or twisting a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are strains

A

Injuries to a muscle or tendon often caused by overuse, force, stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are contusions

A

Medical term for bruises where blood capillaries have ruptured due to a direct blow to the body that can cause damage to the skin and/or deeper tissues depending on the severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is tendinitis

A

Inflammation of tendons (which attach muscle to bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are bursae and what is bursitis

A

Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in your body’s joints (specifically between tendon and bone because prolonged friction can cut the tendon)

Bursitis is the inflammation or irritation of a bursa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Importance of therapeutic interventions

A
  • promote tissue repair in case of injury or pathology
  • expedite patient’s recovery
  • improve quality of life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Therapeutic interventions include

A
  • medication
  • surgery
  • therapeutic exercises
  • application of EPAs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or false
EPA modalities are useful tools used in rehabilitation phases of injured patients

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The effectiveness of EPAs is limited by what

A

The theoretical knowledge, skills and clinical experience of the practitioner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical decision and reasoning should be based on what?

A

The practitioner’s clinical experience and theoretical knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rehabilitation protocol and progression of the medical status of the patient is based on:

A

Understanding of the:
- anatomy
- pathology
- physiology
- phases of tissue repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is meant by the “cookie cutter” management approach?

A

The same approach or style is always used and not enough attention is paid to individual differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 physiologic phases of the healing process?8

A

inflammation
Re-repithelialization
Proliferation
Remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phases of the soft tissue healing process ?

A

Hemostasis
Inflammatory
Proliferative
Remodeling/Maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long does that hemostasis phase last?

A

Seconds - minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How long does the inflammatory phase last?

A

Hours - days/weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long does the proliferative phase last?

A

Weeks - months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long does the remodeling/maturation phase last?

A

Months - year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is hemostasis

A

The body’s urgent response to prevent hemorrhage (bleeding) in case of injury or pathology.

Characterized by: arrest of bleeding at injury site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the initial hemostatic mechanism that occurs within seconds after blood vessel trauma

A

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

During bleeding, vasoconstriction is followed by _____________________.

A

temporary hemostatic plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the secondary hemostatic mechanism where platelets plug in the injured vessel and hematoma is made ?

A

Coagulation (blood clotting):

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Steps of hemostasis

A
  1. vascular spasm (vasoconstriction)
  2. platelet plug formation
  3. blood clotting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Do platelets normally adhere to vessel walls?

A

NO. That could cause serious medical issues such as a stroke.

HOWEVER, in case of bleeding, the platelets should adhere to the vessel wall to stop the bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

During the hemostasis phase, what is the purpose of the plug ?

A

To block lymph drainage and localize the injury response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

During the hemostasis phase, what do the damaged cells release and why

A

They release a protein that helps form a fibrin clot that shuts off blood supply to the injured area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

During the hemostasis phase, when does clot formation begin and end?

A

12 hours after injury and is completed by 48 hours≥

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When does the inflammatory phase start?

A

2 - 4 days after injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the aim of the inflammation phase?

A

-It is a protective reaction

  • serves to localize and dispose of injury by-products (blood, damaged cells) through phagocytosis

-cleans the wound of the cellular debris as a preparation for the deposition of the new regenerated tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Process where leukocytes, other phagocytes, and exudate are delivered to the injured tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is leukocyte

A

White blood cell
Scavengers and infection fighters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is phagocyte

A

A cell that engulfs and absorbs waste material, harmful microorganisms, or other foreign bodies in the bloodstream and tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

The process by which certain cells (leukocytes and phagocytes) engulf and destroy microorganisms and cellular debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is anemia

A

Reduction of blood components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is hyperemia

A

Excess of blood in a certain body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are chemical mediators?

A

Chemicals that limit the amount of exudate and swelling following injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Examples of chemical mediators

A

histamine
leucotaxin
necrosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is meant by secondary hypoxic injury

A

Disruption of blood flow to the injury site and surrounding uninjured tissue that causes hypoxia and can lead to further tissue damage

44
Q

What is exudate

A

The fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissue, usually as a result of inflammation. It is made of cells, proteins and solid materials.

45
Q

Exudate fluid contains high ___________ and ______________

A

Protein
Cellular debris

46
Q

True or false
The inflammation phase sets the stage for repair of damaged tissue

A

True

47
Q

What are the signs associated with inflammation

A

Erythema (skin redness)
Hyperthermia
Edema (tumor/swelling)
Pain
Loss of function

48
Q

What causes erythema (rubor)

A

Enlargement (dilation) of capillaries results in more blood flow to the injured area causing skin redness

49
Q

True or false
Erythema occurs as a result of increased vascularity

A

True

50
Q

What is meant by hyperthermia and what causes it

A

Heat (high temperature) that occurs as a result of erythema, in which the blood vessels are dilated and thus the blood runs closer to the surface of the skin releasing more heat.

51
Q

What causes edema

A

-Accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
-Occurs due to the blockage of lymphatic drainage by platelets
-Release of histamine, leucotaxin and necrosin

52
Q

What causes pain during inflammation

A
  • Activation of nociceptors caused by damaged tissues
  • physical pressure on nerve endings
53
Q

What causes loss of function during inflammation

A

Pain and swelling

54
Q

Role of histamine

A
  • vasodilation
  • increased cell permeability
55
Q

Role of leucotaxin

A

Assists fluid and WBC to move through cell walls to form exudate

56
Q

Role of necrosin

A

Responsible for phagocytic activity

57
Q

Why is swelling good

A

-The exudate brings cells to the inured area to help eliminate dead cells, tissues, etc

  • helps to immobilize the injured area to limit movement
58
Q

Why is swelling bad

A
  • painful
  • limited ROM
  • limited blood flow
  • can cause secondary hypoxic injury
    -hypoxia

NOTE:

  • Secondary hypoxic injury occurs as a result of disrupted blood flow to the injured AND surrounding healthy tissue causing hypoxia, which is the lack of oxygen

-hypoxia can cause pain, spasm, and more tissue damage

59
Q

Another name for the proliferative phase

A

Fibroblastic-repair phase

60
Q

Explain what goes on during the proliferative phase

A
61
Q

What is the proliferative phase

A

The formation and proliferation of the new tissues to repair the damaged one , and this production and regeneration of tissues leads to scar formation and repair of injured tissue

62
Q

What is fibroplasia

A

The formation of fibrous tissue

63
Q

When does fibroplasia begin and how long does it last for?

A

Begins within the first few HOURS following injury

Lasts for 4-6 weeks or months depending on severity of injury/pathology and the type of tissue

64
Q

What are the key processes of the proliferative phase

A

Fibroplasia and angiogenesis

65
Q

What is angiogenesis and which phase is it involved in

A

Formation of new blood vessels

This occurs during the proliferative phase

66
Q

The duration of the proliferative phase depends on two things

A
  • severity of injury/pathology
  • type of tissue
67
Q

How do patients feel during the proliferative phase

A

Many of the signs and symptoms associated with the inflammatory response SUBSIDES (lessen/go away)

HOWEVER patients still report tenderness and pain with stressful movements

68
Q

True or false
As scar formation progresses , tenderness and pain gradually subside

A

True

69
Q

Scar tissue causes skin tightness which can limit the ROM. What do we do as physical therapists?

A

We try to soften the tissue adhesions (i,e using US/laser) to promote functional ROM

70
Q

What is the final phase of tissue healing

A

Remodeling/maturation phase

71
Q

How long does the remodeling/maturation phase last

A

For months sometimes years

72
Q

The duration of the remodeling phase depends on

A
  • severity of injury/pathology
  • type of tissue
73
Q

What is meant by remodeling

A

Re-alignment

74
Q

What is meant by maturation

A

Increase of mechanical strength of the new tissue to become more functional

75
Q

What occurs in the remodeling phase

A
76
Q

What does Wolff’s Law state about the role of progressive mobility during maturation phase

A
77
Q

Factors that delay tissue healing

A
78
Q

True or false
Oxygen promotes healing

A

True

79
Q

What modalities are used for the initial injury phase (hemostasis phase)

A
80
Q

What modalities are used during the inflammation phase ?

A
81
Q

What modalities are used during the fibroblast-repair phase (proliferative phase)

A
82
Q

What modalities are used during the remodeling/maturation phase

A
83
Q

Modality aimed to limited swelling and reduce pain

A

-Resting 2-3 days (48-72 hours)

  • Compression
  • Cryotherapy
  • Ultrasound
  • Laser
84
Q

What is used in cryotherapy and what is the purpose of using cold

A

Ice bags
Cold packs
Ice massages

Purpose:
- reduce swelling and pain
- produce analgesia
- better outcome when used with elevation

85
Q

True or false
Cold baths and cold whirlpools are used in cryotherapy

A

False

86
Q

What produces the best results when using cryotherapy

A

(The triad )

  • compression
  • cryotherapy
  • elevation
87
Q

Effects of electrical stimulation

A
  • used to address pain
  • elicit muscle contraction for muscle pumping action to aid in lymphatic flow and reduce pain
  • MUST AVOID intensities that cause muscle contraction as it may increase clotting time (I think during the hemostatic phase?)
88
Q

Effects of ultrasound

A

-facilitates healing immediately after injury through the early 48 hours

  • lower intensities produce non-thermal effects that alter cell membrane permeability to ions which aid in healing
89
Q

Effects of low-power laser

A
  • effective in pain modulation
  • used to avoid tissue death
  • can be used as early as day 1 of injury to 6 days post injury
90
Q

An injury is classified acute or chronic according to the ______ and __________ and not how old the injury is.

A

Signs and symptoms

91
Q

If signs and symptoms of active inflammation is present , this injury is considered

A

Acute

92
Q

If sings and symptoms are no longer presents, this injury is

A

Chronic

93
Q

We treat the injury as if it is in the inflammatory response phase if

A

The classic signs and symptoms of inflammation are present

94
Q

When should AROM and PROM be introduced

A

After initial acute injury phase

95
Q

Progression is determined by

A

Injury’s response to exercise

96
Q

What to do if the signs and symptoms of inflammation increase with exercise?

A

reduce the intensity of the exercise

Aggressive rehab is desirable BUT SHOULD NOT jeopardize the healing process

97
Q

Treatments may switch from cold to heat using what as an indicator?

A

Swelling

98
Q

What does Thermotherapy include and what is the purpose

A

Hot packs
Paraffin wax
Warm whirlpool

Purpose:
- increases blood circulation
- promotes healing
- reduces pain

99
Q

Purpose of intermittent compression

A

Facilitates removal of products from injured area

100
Q

How are collagen fibers realigned ?

A

According to tensile stresses and strains placed on them

101
Q

Most to all modalities are safe to use in what phase?

A

Remodeling phase (final phase)

102
Q

During the final phase, the main goal is to

A

Return to activity

103
Q

Therapeutic massage is effective in the remodeling phase. Why?

A

Assist in scar remodeling

104
Q

What does deep heating include and what is the purpose

A

Ultrasound
Shortwave
Microwave diathermy

Purpose:
- increased blood and lymphatic flow

105
Q

True or false
Electrical stimulation can be used to increase ROM and strength by eliciting muscle contractions

A

True

Electrotherapy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions