Foundation Of Therapeutic Electrophysical Agents In Health Care

Question 1

True or false
EPAs were introduced recently within the last 20 years.

Answer 1

False

It has been around for centuries, dating all the way back to 1743

Question 2

Back then, how was insanity treated?

Answer 2

Using static electricity

Question 3

Important people in the history of electrotherapy include:

Answer 3

Question 4

Difference between acute and chronic

Answer 4

Acute (sudden onset) : 1 day to < 1 month
Subacute: 1 to <3 months
Chronic (gradual onset): 3 months and above

Question 5

What joint is most effected in osteoarthritis and why

Answer 5

Knee
Because it carries most of the body weight thus endures more stress than other joints

Question 6

What are the three approaches for treating human pathology

Answer 6

Pharmacological (medication)
Surgical
Conservative

Question 7

True or false
Physical therapy is considered a conservative approach

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Why is the use of EPAs (conservative approach) safer than pharmacological and surgical approaches ?

Answer 8

It is noninvasive and has minimal side effects.

(Pharmacological and surgical approaches are invasive and have major side effects)

Question 9

What is electrophysical agents and what is their purpose

Answer 9

It is the use of electrophysical and biophysical energies for the purpose of :
- evaluation
- treatment
- prevention of impairments, limitations of ADL

Question 10

What does ADL mean

Answer 10

Activity of daily living

Question 11

Examples of evaluative EPAs

Answer 11

Ultrasound imaging
Electroneurophysiological tests

Question 12

Treatment and preventive EPAs include:
What is their purpose?

Answer 12

-Cryotherapy
-Laser
-Thermotherapy

Purpose: promote tissue healing and improve body function

Question 13

Difference between signs and symptoms

Answer 13

Question 14

Examples of impairments

Answer 14

• change in AROM (hypomobility or hypermobility )
• coordination
• swelling
• muscle weakness

Question 15

Posture, deformity, gait problems, limitation are examples of signs or symptoms ?

Answer 15

Signs

Question 16

Pain, fatigue, imbalance, numbness are examples of signs or symptoms ?

Answer 16

Symptoms

Question 17

What are the classification of therapeutic EPAs

Answer 17

Thermotherapy
Phototherapy
Electrotherapy
Mechanotherapy
Ultrasonotherapy

Question 18

EPAs used in thermortherapy

Answer 18

Hot pack
Paraffin wax
Cryotherapy
Hydrotherapy
Fluid therapy
Shortwave diathermy SWD

Question 19

EPAs used in phototherapy

Answer 19

Low-level laser therapy
Ultraviolet

Question 20

EPAs used in electrotherapy

Answer 20

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Interferential, Diadynamic, Russian current
Iontophoresis

Question 21

EPAs used in mechanotherapy

Answer 21

Spinal traction
Intermittent pneumatic compression therapy
Continuous passive motion therapy

Question 22

EPAs used in ultrasonotherapy

Answer 22

Ultrasound
Shock wave therapy

Question 23

What is iontophoresis and what is it commonly used for

Answer 23

A procedure that involves passing an electrical current through the skin.
It is commonly used for treating excessive sweating as it temporarily blocks sweat glands, resulting in a reduction in sweat.

Question 24

What is the disablement model

Answer 24

The various impacts of chronic and acute conditions on the function of specific body systems

Question 25

Components of the disablement model

Answer 25

Question 26

Using a journalist with carpal tunnel syndrome as an example, apply the disablement model.

Answer 26

Pathology:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (compression of median nerve)

Impairments:
pain in hands and wrist along with weakness

Functional limitation:
Cannot type/write for a long period of time

Disability:
Can’t perform and fulfill roll in society (she can’t do her job as a journalist)

Question 27

What is this model called ?

Answer 27

International classification of functioning (ICF model)

Question 28

Components of the ICF model:

Answer 28

Question 29

This is an example of the ICF model:

Answer 29

Health condition :
Cerebral infarction

Body structure and function:
Weakness of limbs
Impaired speech

Activity:
Unable to walk > 7 meters
Unable to climb stairs
Stuttering/ speaking

Participation:
Unable to attend family events
Unable to participate in social gatherings

Environmental factors:
Apartment is on the second floor (No elevators)
No close parking at stores

Personal factors:
Retired nurse who understands her condition
Great sense of humor

Question 30

How can EPA impact the ICF model. Use this example.

Answer 30

Question 31

True or false
EPAs is a primary treatment

Answer 31

False

It is complementary as it is not designed to replace other needed approaches depending on the injury

Question 32

Benefits of EPAs

Answer 32

• Shortens healing time
• Speeds recovery
• Shortens time needed to start rehabilitation (patient goes back to his normal life before injury)

Question 33

Indications of EPAs

Answer 33

Question 34

EPA parameters need to be reported and documented for each session. What do they include ?

Answer 34

• number of applications
• frequency
• duration/ time
• intensity of dosage
• patient position
• type and size of electrodes

Question 35

Read and understand

Answer 35

Rate based on understanding