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Cryotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

In cryotherapy, heat transfer occurs through which mode

A

Conduction

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2
Q

Cryo is a Greek word meaning

A

Cold

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3
Q

What is cryotherapy

A

The practice of using cold for therapeutic purposes

The use of superficial cryo- agents and to lower soft tissue temperature and reduce swelling

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4
Q

What is Cryo- kinetics

A

Therapeutic application of cold combined with exercise

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5
Q

Cryotherapy is also known as

A

Ice application 

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6
Q

Cryotherapy cools the surface by:

A

Withdrawing heat and NOT by adding cold

(2nd law of thermodynamics)

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7
Q

Cryotherapy’s worldwide usage and spread is due to its

A

Effectiveness, convenience, easy application, and low cost

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8
Q

Cold therapy can be administered in 3 physical states of matter

A

Gaseous (spray)
Liquid (cold bath)
Solid (ice pack or ice cubes)

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9
Q

Almost all cryo-agents transfer heat through conduction except

A

Vapocoolant spray

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10
Q

Thermoconductivity of fat, skin, muscle

A

Fat K=0.45
Skin K=0.21
Muscle K=0.42

Subject to change according to environment

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11
Q

Ice is believed to control pain by:

A

-Promoting local anesthesia
- decreases edema
- Decreases nerve conduction velocities
- decreases cellular metabolism
- Decreases local blood flow

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12
Q

Ice is believed to control pain by

A

Promoting local anesthesia by:

Decreasing edema, nerve conduction velocity‘s, cellular metabolism, and local blood flow which promotes pain relief

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13
Q

The effect of cryotherapy depends on:

A

The method
the duration
temperature of the ice
depth of a subcutaneous fat

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14
Q

Methods of application for cryotherapy

A
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15
Q

Where is ice massage applied to

A

Small body area

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16
Q

Purpose of ice massage

A

Facilitate muscle activity

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17
Q

Ice massage treatment time

A

5-10 minutes until area is numb

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18
Q

What is being applied in ice massage

A

Ice lollipop
Ice cube wrapped in a towel

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19
Q

Ice massage is applied in ______________ motion

A

Circular

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20
Q

Structure of the ice pack

A

Semi-gel substance (silica usually) on the inside covered by a durable plastic layer

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21
Q

How is the ice pack applied

A

Directly to the skin wrapped with a wet towel

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22
Q

average treatment time for ice pack

A

10-20 minutes

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23
Q

Not advisable to place ice pack UNDER the treated area. Why?

A

Excessive cooling and local ischemia

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24
Q

Describe the rate of cooling for ice packs

A

The rate of initial cooling is rapid but decreases as a film of water forms between the pack and the skin

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25
Why is there a damp towel placed between the skin and the ice pack
Ensure that the contact temperature remains at about zero Celsius
26
What are ice baths applied for
Extremities
27
What are ice baths
Immersion in water that contains ice cubes
28
Therapeutic temperature of ice baths
10 to 15°C
29
Treatment time of ice baths
15 to 20 minutes
30
What are ice towels applied for
Large body areas to lower the temperature
31
What are ice towels
Towels that are placed into flaked ice and water and then applied on the area
32
Treatment time for ice towels and replacement time
Applied for around 20 minutes and replaced every 2 to 3 minutes as it warms up rapidly
33
Disadvantage of ice towels
Warms up rapidly
34
Advantage of ice towels
Good for irregular shape Patient can perform exercises while the treatment is on
35
Evaporating sprays offer what kind of cooling
Superficial, very rapid cooling through evaporation
36
True or false There is no temperature change below the epidermis when using the evaporating sprays
True
37
When are Evaporating sprays are effective
Myofascial pain
38
How is the area sprayed using evaporating sprays
Area is sprayed in short strokes of five seconds, with few seconds in between The nozzle is usually held 45 cm from the skin in a right angle
39
Physiological effects of cooling
40
What are the cooling effects
41
How does cooling affect Cell activity
Slow down chemical processes and enzymatic activity Decreased metabolic rate Decreased oxygen demand Limit cell death due to hypoxia
42
How does cooling affect blood flow
-Immediate vasoconstriction to prevent heat loss -Reduce water leaks into interstitial space -Aggregation of platelets & red blood cells; formation of occlusion masses -simulation of thermal receptors - Change in activity of precapillary sphincter’s
43
How does cooling effect collagen
Becomes stiffer
44
True or false Cryotherapy is better than heat therapy if you want to increase collagen extensibility
False The opposite
45
How does cooling effect neurological changes
Muscle spindle sensitivity drops as a result of decreasing firing rate Inhibition in the excitatory stimuli in the Anterior horn in spinal cord Immediate and temporary increase in muscle tone due to the excitation of motor neurons
46
In case of muscle spasticity, ice cubes are used before exercise to
Decrease hypertonicity that with movement may cause fracture
47
How does cooling cause pain relief
Increases pain threshold Stimulates alpha – Delta fibers to reduce the number and velocity of nerve impulses Release of endorphine and encephalis 
48
How does cooling affect muscle performance
Break pain/spasm cycle Reduced pain leads to increased ROM Reduction in metabolism rate Improvement in performance after one hour of applying ice
49
What is pain/spasm cycle
50
How does cooling reduce muscle spasticity
Decrease activity of deep tendon reflex Diminished gamma motor neuron activity and reduce muscle spindle discharge thus reducing spasticity Reduce clonus Ice cube stroking enhance motor unit activity
51
How does cooling affect tissue healing
52
How does cooling reduce injuries
53
How does cooling reduce edema
Vasoconstriction Changes in vascular wall permeability Inhibits fluid accumulation in interstitial space
54
What gives the best outcome for acute injury in cryotherapy
55
What is Lewis Hunting reaction
Cold induced vasodilation
56
Stages of body response to cold therapy
57
Body response to cold depends on
58
Therapeutic uses of cryotherapy
59
Make sure you understand this diagram 
60
Treatment guidelines
61
Contraindications to cryotherapy application

62
Adverse effects of cryotherapy to watch out for
Erythema/excessive redness Cold induced nerve palsy (nerve damage) Systemic reaction (Increase blood pressure and heart rate) Tenderness a few hours after application Bruises that last up to three weeks
63
What is skin erythema
The skin is red and bright in color (Blood tends to hold on oxygen, more oxyhemoglobin)
64
Heat or cold Acute inflammation
Cold
65
Heat or cold Chronic inflammation
Heat
66
Heat or cold Edema/swelling
Cold
67
Heat or cold Pain
Both
68
Heat or cold Spasm
Both, cold better
69
Heat or cold Area treated around the hip
Heat because patients don’t prefer cold on that area

Electrotherapy (6 decks)

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