Soft Tissue & Myofascial Release Techniques Flashcards
Fascial Layers
Pannicular Fascia (Panniculus)
Axial & Appendicular Fascia
Meningeal Fascia
Visceral Fascia
Viscoelastic Material
Any material that deforms according to rate of loading and deformity
Stress
Force that attempts to deform a connective tissue structure
Strain
The percentage of deformation of a connective tissue
Hysteresis
Energy loss in the connective tissue system = the difference between the loading and unloading characertistics
Creep
Connective tissue under a sustained, constant load, will elongate in response to the load
Ease
The direction in which the connective tissue may be moved most easily during deformational stretching
Bind
A palpable restriction of connective tissue mobility
Common Compensatory
80% of healthy people
L/R/L/R
Uncommon compensatory
R/L/R/L
Uncompensated Pattern
Usually symptomatic
Usually a trauma is involved
Soft tissue Indications
Diagnostically - identify areas of restricted motion, tissue texture changes, sensitivity
Feedback - tissue response to OMT
Immune Response - improve local and systemic
Relaxation - provide
Enhance circulation - to local Myofascial structures
Tonic stimulation - a general state provided
SOAP Note
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
Soft Tissue
Living tissues of the body other than bone
Fascia, muscles, organs, nerves, Vasculature, lymphatic
Fascial Anatomy
CT layers composed of collagen fibers (elastin fibers) in an amorphous matrix of hydrated proteoglycans (PGs) which mechanically links the collagen fiber networks in these structures
Fascia
Complete system with blood supply, fluid drainage, innervations
(Largest organ system in the body)
Composed of irregular arranged fibrous elements of varying density
Function of Fascia
Involved in tissue protection and healing of surrounding systems
Fascia is not…
Tendons
Ligaments
Aponeuroses
Pannicular Fascia (Panniculus)
Outermost layer of fascia
Derived from somatic mesenchyme
Surrounds entire body with exception of the orifices
Outer layer is adipose tissues
Inner layer is membranous and adherent to the outer layer
Axial and Appendicular Fascia (Investing Layer)
Internal to the pennicular layer
Fused to the panniculus and surrounds all of the muscles, the periosteum of the bone and peritendon of tendons
Meningeal Fascia
Surrounds the nervous system
Includes the dura mater
Visceral Fascia
Surrounds the body cavities (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneum)
Fascia provides mobility and stability of the musculoskeletal system through
Contractile: myofibroblasts
Healing: macrophages, mast cells
Principles of ST Technique
Patient comfort
Physician comfort
Forces are very gentle and of low amplitude
Increase the amplitude
Stretch
Increase distance between origin and insertion (parallel with muscle fibers)
Knead
Repetitive pushing of tissue perpendicular to muscle fibers
Inhibition
Plus and hold perpendicular to the fibers at the musculotendinous part of the hypertonic muscle
Hold until relation of tissues
MFR
A system of diagnosis and treatment first described by AT Still and his early students, which engages continual Palpation feedback to achieve release of Myofascial tissues
INR (integrated neuromusculoskeletal release)
A treatment system in which combined procedures are designed to stretch and reflexively release patterned soft tissues nd joint related restrictions
REMs
Speed the INR treatment process
Breath holding - goal to alter both intrathoracic and intraabdominal pressure suing costodiaphragmatic, shoulder girdle, and lumbopelvic interactions
Prone and Supine simulated swimming and pendulum arm swing maneuvers as direct and indirect Barrie’s are released
R/L cervical rotation
Isometric limb and neck movements against the table, chair
Patient evoked movement from cranial nerves
Absolute Contradictions of MFR
Lack of patient consent
Absence of somatic dysfunction
Relative Contraindications of MFR
Infection of soft tissue or bone
Fracture, avulsion, or dislocation
Metastatic disease
Soft tissue injuries: thermal, hematoma or open wounds
Post op patient with wound dehiscence
Rheumatologist condition involving instability of cervical spine
DVT or anticoagulation therapy
Inherent forces
Using the body’s PRM (primary respiratory mechanism)
Respiratory Cooperation
Refers to a physician directed, patient informed, inhalation or exhalation or a holding of the breath to assist with the manipulative intervention
Patient cooperation
The patient is asked to move in specific directions to aid in mobilizing the specific areas of restriction
Activating Forces
Inherent forces
Respiratory cooperation
Patient cooperation
