Critical Clinical Observation

Question 1

There body types

Answer 1

Mesomorphic (athletic)

Ectomorphic (asthenic)

Endomorphic (Pyknic)

Question 2

Mesomorphic Body Type

Answer 2

Muscular or sturdy body build

Mid ranges of ROM

Relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic mesoderm

Question 3

Ectomorphic body type

Answer 3

Thin body build; long and linear frame

Tend to have higher ROM

Relative prominence of structures developed from embryonic ectoderm

Question 4

Endomorphic Body type

Answer 4

Heavy (fat) body build; obese, increased fatty tissue

Tend to have lower ROM

Relative prominence of structures developed from embryonic endoderm

Question 5

Redness

Answer 5

Erythema

Inflammation

Question 6

Blue

Answer 6

Cyanosis

Question 7

Blackness

Answer 7

Necrosis

Question 8

Yellow

Answer 8

Jaundice - liver disease

Question 9

Things to observe for when looking at the skin

Answer 9

Lesions
Scars
Tattoos
Piercings

Question 10

Skin Lesion characteristics

Answer 10

Asymmetry = line down the middle doesn’t make perfect halves 
Border = irregular, wavy, jagged, clearly defined against surrounding skin
Color= uneven, light brown or black 
Diameter = greater than 6mm
Evolution = rapid evolution of size/width, color or thickness

Question 11

Comparative Analysis

Answer 11

Goal to compare right versus left in regard to:

Symmetry
Heights
Deviation from midline

Question 12

Factors that create assymetry

Answer 12

Bone deformity
Joint deformity
Kyphoscoliosis 
Dress,  occupation, mental attitude, habit
Sacral base unleveling 
Lower extremity defects
Somatic dysfunction

Question 13

Head Carriage obseervations: anterior view

Answer 13

Eye level

Ear level

Nose and nares symmetry

Ear prominence

Question 14

Observation of Upper extremities : anterior view

Answer 14

Accordion height

Angles of clavicles

Carriage of arms

Ginger tip length compared to iliac crests

Question 15

Observations below the shoulders: anterior view

Answer 15

Angle of rib cage

Umbilicus

Crest of ilium

Greater trochanter levels

Upper leg - compare right to left

Lower leg -compare right to left

Patellar alignment

Medial and later malleoli

Question 16

Posterior view observations head to hips

Answer 16

Carriage of head

Shoulder level: scapular spine, scapula angle, medial scapular border

Arm carriage

Spinous process alignment or deviation from the midline

Question 17

Posterior view observations waste down

Answer 17

Ilia crest heights

PSIS

Greater trochanter

Gluteal line

Upper leg symmetry

Popliteal line and space

Achilles’ tendon

Medial and lateral malleoli

Question 18

Later few observations

Answer 18

Plumb line

• external auditory canal
• acromion process
• greater trochanter
• anterior medial malleolus

Spinal Curvatures

• cervical and lumbar lordosis
• thoracic kyphosis