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Infectious Disease > Soft Tissue infections > Flashcards

Soft Tissue infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are furuncles?

A

a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,

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2
Q

What is the layer of the epidermis that folliculitis involves?

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

A
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basale
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4
Q

Where in the epidermine do langerhans cells reside?

A

Stratum spinosum

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5
Q

What layer of the epidermis does erysiphales involve?

A

Junction between the epidermis and the dermis

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6
Q

What layer of the skin does cellulitis involve?

A

SQ tissue

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7
Q

What layer of the skin does impetigo involve?

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

What layer of the skin does ecthyma involve?

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

What is the cause of hand foot and mouth disease? Ssx?

A

Mild fever + flat, discolored macules and papules

Coxsackie virus (a picornaviridae virus)

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10
Q

What are the two most common causes of impetigo?

A

Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

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11
Q

What is the most common cause of erysipelas?

A

Strep Pyogenes

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of folliculitis and fu

A

Staph Aureus

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13
Q

What are the two most common causes of cellulitis

A

Strep Pyogenes

Staph Aureus

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14
Q

What general type of bacteria cause skin infections?

A

Gram positive

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15
Q

Cat/dog bite cellulitis?

A

Pasteurella multocida

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16
Q

Cat scratch fever?

A

Bartonella Henselae

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17
Q

Wool sorter’s disease?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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18
Q

What are carbuncles?

A

Large furuncles (boils)

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19
Q

How do you distinguish between erysipelas and cellulitis?

A

Erysipelas has clear boundaries, whereas cellulitis does not

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20
Q

Hot tub folliculitis = ? What is the gram stain and morphology of this? Does it ferment lactose?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram negative rod
Does not ferment lactose

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21
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of proteus mirabilis? Urease positive? Aerobic or anaerobic? What type of motility?

A

Gram negative rod
Urease positive
Anaerobic
Swarming motility

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22
Q

Where along the leg does the great saphenous vein run?

A

Medial

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23
Q

What are the complications of tinea pedis?

A

May be an entry point for staph and/or strep to cause cellulitis

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24
Q

True or false: I and D is usually sufficient for treating abscesses

A

True

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25
Q

What is the treatment for non-purulent cellulitis?

A

First gen cephalosporin

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26
Q

What is the treatment for purulent cellulitis? (2)

A

Vanco if MRSA

TMP-SMX

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27
Q

What is the treatment for hot tub folliculitis?

A

Self limited infection

28
Q

What is the treatment for non-MRSA cellulitis?

A

First gen cephalosporin

29
Q

What are the top three causes of necrotizing fasciitis?

A
  • Group A strep

- Clostridium perfringens

30
Q

What are the ssx of necrotizing fasciitis? (4)

A
  • severe, constant pain
  • Bullous lesions
  • Gas in soft tissues
  • Rapid spread
31
Q

What is the cause of gas gangrene?

A

Tissue trauma + infection of Clostridium perfringens

32
Q

What is the morphology and gram stain of clostridium perfringens?

A

Gram positive rod

Anaerobe

33
Q

What is the toxin released by Clostridium perfringens that causes the gas part of the gas gangrene? MOA?

A

alpha-toxin–inserts into cell membranes

34
Q

What are the histological characteristics of sporothrix schenckii?

A

Septated hyphae

35
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of bacillus anthracis?

A

Gram positive boxcar rods with a proteinaceous capsule

36
Q

What are the two toxins associated with bacillus anthracis?

A

Edema factors

lethal factor

37
Q

What is the gram stain of francisella tularensis? Aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Gram negative rod

Aerobic

38
Q

What are the risk factors for septic arthritis?

A

RA
Steroid use
DM

39
Q

What is the route of spread for septic arthritis?

A

Hematogenous
Direct inoculation
Contiguous spread

40
Q

What are the two most common causes of septic arthritis?

A

Staph Aureus

Coagulase negative staph (if prosthetic joint)

41
Q

What is the bacteria that commonly causes septic arthritis 2/2 prosthetic joint replacement?

A

Coagulase negative staph

42
Q

What is the most common joint that is affected with septic arthritis? Is it usually only one joint, or multiple?

A

Knee

Usually just a single joint

43
Q

What are the ssx of septic arthritis?

A

Fever

Joint erythema and TTP

44
Q

What is hemarthrosis?

A

bleeding into joint spaces

45
Q

What is the WBC level that is usually found in non-infected joints?

A

Less than 200

46
Q

What are the features and WBC that are seen in inflammatory joints?

A

Cloudy/yellow

2000-10000

47
Q

What are the features and WBC that are seen in infected joints?

A

Purulent fluid

More than 60,000

48
Q

What is the treatment for septic arthritis?

A

Systemic abx

Drain joint

49
Q

What is the difference between RA and septic arthritis?

A

RA is multi arthritis

50
Q

What is the culture that should be obtained for pts with painful, erythematous joints that you suspect may be caused by gonorrhea?

A

Cervical culture

51
Q

Who usually gets disseminated gonococcal infections?

A

Sexually active adolescents and adults, usually less than 30 yo

52
Q

What are the two systemic syndromes that gonococcal infections can cause?

A

Arthritis

Tenosynovitis

53
Q

What is the treatment for N. Gonorrhea?

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

54
Q

What is the treatment for staph aureus?

A

Nafcillin or 1st gen cephalosporin

55
Q

What is the treatment for GAS?

A

PCN or cephalosporin

56
Q

What is the duration of abx for septic arthritis?

A

2-4 weeks IV

57
Q

What are the three ways to get osteomyelitis?

A

Hematogenous
Contiguous
Direct Inoculation

58
Q

What defines acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?

A

Acute is less than 1 month

More than 1 month

59
Q

What are the most common sources for acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?

A 
Acute = IVDA, bacteremia
Chronic = surgery, trauma
60
Q

What are the common underlying factors for acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?

A

Rare for acute

DM or PVD for chronic

61
Q

What is the treatment, generally, for acute vs chronic osteomyelitis?

A 
Acute = medical
Chronic = Surgery
62
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

A

Staph aureus

63
Q

What are the three best ways to diagnose osteomyelitis?

A
  • Probe to bone
  • MRI
  • Bone biopsy
64
Q

What is the best imaging modality for diagnosing osteomyelitis?

A

MRI

65
Q

Puncture wound osteomyelitis = ?

A

Pseudomonas

66
Q

What is the most common cause of treatment failure with osteomyelitis?

A

Lack of adequate debridement

Infectious Disease (18 decks)

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