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Infectious Disease > Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the ethmoid sinuses located?

A

Bilaterally to the nose (they’re small)

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2
Q

What is the definition of the Lower respiratory tract?

A

Structures below the pharynx

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3
Q

What are the spinal levels that correlate with the larynx?

A

C4-C7

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4
Q

What is the order of the respiratory tract after the trachea? (8)

A 
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
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5
Q

What is the rib level that the lungs are at anteriorly?

A

rib 6 ish

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6
Q

What is the rib level that the lungs are at laterally?

A

rib 8 ish

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7
Q

What is the rib level that the lungs are at posteriorly?

A

10 ish

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8
Q

What are the histological characteristics of blastomycosis?

A

Broad based budding yeast

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9
Q

Where is blastomycosis endemic to?

A

Wooded areas, especially in the great white north of Minnesota

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10
Q

Rusty sputum = ?

A

Strep pneumo infection

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11
Q

What are the two bacteria that often cause respiratory dz in COPD pts?

A

H. influenzae

Pseudomonas

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12
Q

What type of bacteria often cause aspiration pneumonia?

A

Gram-negative enteric pathogens

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13
Q

Bird/bat droppings causing respiratory illness = (fungi)?

A

Histoplasmosis capsulatum

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14
Q

Exposure to birds causing lung dz = (bacteria)?

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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15
Q

Exposure to rabbits causing respiratory dz = (bacteria)?

A

Francisella Tularensis

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16
Q

Exposure to farm animal placenta or parturient cats causing respiratory illness and fever = (bacteria)?

A

Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)

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17
Q

What is the stain used to identify pneumocystis Jirovecii? What is the treatment?

A

Silver stain

TMP-SMX

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18
Q

What bacteria is associated with causing respiratory disease in hotels or cruise ships?

A

Legionella species

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19
Q

What is the fungi that cause valley fever? What are the histological characteristics of this?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

Spherules

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20
Q

What are the two bacteria often associated with respiratory disease i in CF patients?

A

Pseudomonas

Staph Aureus

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21
Q

What is the depth that is assessed with percussion of the chest?

A

5-7 cm beneath the fingers

22
Q

What are the characteristics of bronchial breath sounds?

A

Harsh and high pitched

23
Q

What are the characteristics of vesicular breath sounds?

A

Soft and low pitched

24
Q

Where are broncho-vesicular breath sounds normally heard?

A

Over the sternal angle

25
Q

Which is longer with vesicular breath sounds: inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

26
Q

Which is longer with bronchial breath sounds: inspiration or expiration?

A

Expiration

27
Q

Which is longer with bronchovesicular breath sounds: inspiration or expiration?

A

Equal

28
Q

When in the breathing cycle are crackles usually heard: inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

29
Q

Inspiratory wheezing indicated an obstruction where?

A

Upper airway

30
Q

Expiratory wheezing indicates an obstruction where?

A

Lower airway

31
Q

What are the urine antigen tests that are available for assessing for a pulmonary tract infection?

A

Strep pneumo
Legionella
Histo
Blasto

32
Q

What is the difference between a lung abscess and an empyema?

A

Abscesses are within the lung parenchyma

Empyemas are in the pleural space

33
Q

What are the two alpha hemolytic bacteria? How you you differentiate between them?

A

Strep pneumo vs strep viridans

Strep pneumo is sensitive to optochin, whereas strep viridans is resistant

(strep mutans = strep viridans, and is not afraid of “da-chin
[optochin])

34
Q

What are the two bacteria that are beta hemolytic? How you you differentiate between them?

A

Strep pyogenes and strep agalactiae

Strep pyogenes is bacitracin sensitive

35
Q

What are the four major gram positive rods?

A

Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus

36
Q

What is the culture that is used to grow TB?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

37
Q

How are TB skin tests read?

A

Area of induration on the axis perpendicular to the axis of the forearm

38
Q

What is IGRA?

A

IFN gamma release assay (quantiferon gold test)

39
Q

What is the role of procalcitonin in helping you diagnose infections?

A

Will be high in bacterial infections

40
Q

What is Wegener’s granulomatosis? What organs are primarily affected? What, generally, is the treatment? What ab is elevated in this condition?

A

a systemic disorder that involves both granulomatosis and polyangiitis. It is a form of vasculitis that affects small- and medium-size vessels in many organs. Damage to the lungs and kidneys can be fatal. It requires long-term immunosuppression.

cANCA

41
Q

What is Churg-Strauss syndrome? What is the progression of ssx? What, generally, is the treatment? What ab is elevated in this condition?

A

Autoimmune vasculitis that presents in people with atopy. progresses from asthma to hypereosinophilia, to lung and kidney damage. Treat with immunosuppression.

pANCA

42
Q

What pathogen, generally, is the most common cause of sinusitis?

A

Viral

43
Q

What defines, acute vs chronic sinusitis?

A

Less than 4 weeks = acute

More than 12 weeks = chronic

44
Q

What are the most common infectious etiologies of bronchitis?

A

Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza
Flu
RSV

45
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: MRSA

A

Contact

46
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: influenza

A

Droplet

47
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: pertussis

A

Droplet

48
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: TB

A

Airborne

49
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: adenovirus

A

Droplet

50
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: zoster

A

Airborne

51
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: SARS

A

Airborne

52
Q

Contact, droplet, or airborne precautions: smallpox

A

Airborne

Infectious Disease (18 decks)

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