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Locomotor year 2 > soft tissue disorders > Flashcards

soft tissue disorders Flashcards

1
Q

5 red flags for severe musculoskeletal problems

A
  1. weight loss
  2. severe night pain
  3. fever
  4. immunosuppresion
  5. persistant mono-arthritis
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2
Q

Yellow flags for musculoskeletal problems

  1. define
  2. examples
A
  1. increase pain + risk of developing serious muscular problem
  2. anxiety/depression + intensity of symptoms + duration of symptoms + localisation of pain
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3
Q

define enthesis

review - joint structure

A
  • C.T between tendon + bone

- insertion of tendon into bone

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4
Q

what is tendosynovitis

A

inflammation of synovium surrounding tendon

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5
Q

4 soft tissue disorders affecting wrist + hand

A
  1. carpal tunnel syndrome
  2. de queverain
  3. dupuytren’s contracture
  4. trigger finger
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6
Q

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

  1. define
  2. tendon
  3. clinical features
  4. treatment
A

1.median nerve entrapment
2.flexor retinaculum ( transverse carpal lig)
3.weakness of 3 thenar muscles
thenar eminence atrophy
paresthesia of thumb + index + middle finger
4.decompression - cut flexor retinuaculum
steroid injection - reduce inflammation

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7
Q

What 3 conditions are co-morbitiies for carpal tunnel syndrome (in order of importance)

A
  1. pregnancy
  2. inflammatory disorders - RA
  3. HYPOthyroidism
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8
Q

DE QUERVAIN’S

  1. define
  2. tendon
  3. clinical features
  4. treatment
A
  1. gamer’s thumb - tenosynovitis of tendon controlling thumb
  2. 2 tendons controlling thumb movements (EPB +APL)
  3. CREPITUS + pain on resisted movement
  4. rest + corticosteroid injection
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9
Q

What is FINKLESTEIN’S TEST for

A

De Queverain’s

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10
Q

What is PHALEN’S TEST for

A

Carpal tunnel syndrom

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11
Q

What is TINDEL’S TEST for

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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12
Q

In which musculoskeletal condition is CREPITUS a clinical feature

A

DE QUERVAIN

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13
Q

TRIGGER FINGER

  1. define
  2. tendon
  3. clinical features
A
  1. locking of the fingers
  2. flexors tendons of the hand
  3. NODULES - on hand - tendon cannot slide thorugh inflammed tendon sheath
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14
Q

DUPYUTREN’S CONTRACTURE

  1. define
  2. tendon
  3. clinical features
A
  1. fixed flexor contraction of the hand
  2. palmar fascia (thickens and shortens so that the tendons connected to the fingers cannot move freely)
  3. ring finger + little finger cannot be fully extended
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15
Q

Referred pain to the elbow 2 cases

A
  • cervical vertebrae

- shoulder

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16
Q

3 causes of pain at the elbow

A
  1. referred pain
  2. periarticular pain - all ages - bursitis + epicondylitis
  3. articular pain -elderly -OA
17
Q

TENNIS ELBOW

  • affects what structure
  • normal role of structure
  • test
  • treatmnet
A
  • lateral epicondyle
  • attachment for WRIST EXTENSORS
  • tenderness/ pain on resisted WRIST EXTENSION
  • rest/massage/steroids
18
Q

4 causes of pain at the shoulder

A
  1. frozen shoulder
  2. rotator cuff entrapment
  3. rotator cuff tendinitis
  4. subacromial bursitiis

can also get OA at acromiclavicular joint = rare

19
Q

FROZEN SHOULDER

  1. clinical name
  2. pathology
  3. clinical features
  4. treatment
A
  1. ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS
  2. GH joint inflammed + stiffens
  3. reduced range of movement + pain
  4. analgesia + steroids + hydrodilation (inject saline- stretch GH joint capsule)
20
Q

normal range of movement at the shoulder

A

ABDUCTION -150
FLEXION-180
EXTENSION-45-60

21
Q

SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT

  1. clinical name
  2. pathology
  3. 2 clinical features
  4. treatment
A
  1. rotator cuff tendinitis
  2. rotator cuff tendon-trapped - passing through SUBACROMIAL SPACE
  3. painful arc + pain on resisted ABduction
  4. physio + steroid injection (reduces inflammation)
22
Q

3 types of pain at the hip

A
  1. referred -pelvis+ spine + special case
  2. periarticular - trochanteric/ischial bursitis
  3. articular - OA + RA +irritable hip (kids)
23
Q

role of bursa

A

LUBRITCATION

-fluid filled sac - between muscles + bone AT A JOINT- allows tendons to glide freely on movemetn.

24
Q

Special case of referred pain at the hip joint

A

MERALGIA PARESTHESIA

  • lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh trapped
  • paresthesia of outer thigh
25
Q

ACHILLES TENDON

A
  • tendon between calcaneous + calf muscles

- PLANTARFLEXION

26
Q

ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY

A

leads to failure to plantarflex

cause -improper footwear/high arching foot/overuse

27
Q

Name 3 musculoskeletal foot problems

A
  1. March fracture
  2. Morton’s neuroma
  3. Plantar fascitis
28
Q

Plantar fascitis

A
  • loss of plantar fascia function
  • plantar fascia -tendon between heel-foot
    - supports arch + shock absorber for foot
29
Q

March fracture

A

stress fracture of metatarsal bone

30
Q

Morton’s neuroma

A
  • BENGIN NEUROMA of intermetatarsal nerve

- pain ball of foot + toes

Locomotor year 2 (11 decks)

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