Bone Metabolism Flashcards
1.Normal bone structure 2.Bone composition -inorganic + organic 3. Stages of bone remodelling 4. Body's Calcium requirements 5. Minerals affecting Calcium metabolism + absorption 5. Process of calium metabolism
Name the 2 types of bone
Lamellar + Woven
Describe the organisation of lamellar bone?
highly organised + layered
What are the two types of lamellar bone?
cortical (compact) + cancellous (trabecular)
Describe the structure of compact bone and an example of where it is found?
highly organised + multli-layered collagen, dense in different directions
found in diaphysis
Describe the strucutre of trabecular bone and example of where it is found?
less organised + fewer layers collagen + larger S.A
found in epiphysis
Which type of bone accounts for the majority of a healthy adult skeleton?
compact bone = 80% of total bone mass of an adult
emphasises on healthy- fractures + bone dieseases = woven bone predominates
Which type of bone accounts for the majority of the surface area of the human skeleton and why?
Trabecular bone accounts for 10 times the surface area of compact bone. - holey + meshwork of collagen
what type of collagen is predominatly found in bone?
collagen type 1
Describe the strucutre and function of woven bone
random + sparse collagen organisation =mechanically weak
quickly formed= type of bone laid down initially post fracture
Role of trabeculae bone
Tensile strength
Is the composition of bone mainly organic or inorganic?
Inorganic - accounts for 60% of bone
What is the main composition of inorganic bone?
calcium hypoxyapatite = Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (95% of inorganic bone)
(+ water = 5%)
What is the main composition of organic bone?
type 1 collagen (90%)
What is the role of the main composition of organic bone?
tensile strength
What other 2 factor comprise organic bone and what are their roles?
proteoglycans - compressive strength
=-ve charge -atrracts water
growth factors + cytokines + osteoid
In bone remodelling which type of lamellar bone takes longer to be replnished and why?
trabeculae bone covers larger S.A
What is the main type of protein found in bone?
collagen type 1
What are the 4 types of cells involved in bone remodelling?
osteoprogenitor cell + osteoblasts + octeocytes + osteoclasts
Which type of cells involved in bone remodelling are NOT synthesised from the osteoprogenitor cell?
osteoclasts - red marrow - haematopoetic lineage
Where are the osteoprogenitor cells found?
endosteum + periosteum
Why can MRI scans NOT be used to diagnosis fractures?
MRI scans rely on detecting a radio frequency signal emitted by excited hydrogen atoms in the body (present in any tissue containing water molecules) - bone contains very small proportion of water
What are the 4 stages involved in bone remodelling?
- resting phase
- osteoclast reabsorption
- osteoblast activity
- mineralisation of osteiod