Soft Tissue Flashcards
What % of body weight is skin
16%
Functions of the skin
- Keeps invading pathogens out
- keeps.fluid and substances in
- senses
- temperature control
Structural features of skin
Durable
Pliable
Accommodating tissue
Highly capable of self repair ( first tissue to experience affects of trauma )
What makes up integumentary system
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous layer
Trauma to integumentary system may present as (4)
- Open injury
- Closed injury
- Uncontrolled blood loss
- May seriously affect health
What are open injuries
Abraisions Lacerations Incisions Punctures Avulsions Amputations
What are closed injuries
Contusions hematoma and crush injuries
What is uncontrolled blood loss
Hypovolemia or shock
What is uncontrolled blood loss
Hypovolemia or shock
In what way can trauma of integumentary system affect health
Severe blood/fluid loss, infection and hypothermia
Who is more prone to soft tissue trauma
School aged children
Elderly
Alcohol or drug abuse
Certain occupations
What is appearance of arterial blood
Bright red
Spurting / pulsing
What is appearance of venous blood
Dark red
Flowing
What is appearance of capillary blood
Red oozing
What is hemorrhage
Blood loss
- can be minor to life threatening
- can be from artery, vein, capillary or any combo of those
Management of hemorrhage
- usually easy to control with diret pressure
- may need surgery or sutures
- important to determine amount of blood loss (to find tx plan)
- type of injury important (clean or jagged cut)
What would be the result of a clean cut laceration
Cause smooth muscle in vessel walls to constrict and decrease lumen size, assisting in blood loss and initiating clotting
What would jagged cut lacerations cause
Cause vessel expansion with every muscle contraction, increasing blood loss if not controlled by pressure
When does wound healing begin
Immediately following injury and may take months to fully repair
- important in management of homeostasis
What are the stages of healing
Hemostasis Inflammation Epithelialization Neovascularization Collagen synthesis (Some stages may overlap)
What is hemostasis
Bloods natural ability to stop bleeding, the ability to clot blood
When does hemostasis begin
Almost immediately following injury
How does hemostasis work
Muscular layers begin constricting, longitudinal muscles pull cut ends into contracted muscle to reduce loss.
- platelets begin clotting process, vessel walls and platelets themselves become sticky in turbulent blood flow
How is platelet plug formed
Platelets sticking to vessel and themselves causes an initial clot (platelet plug) that is unstable