Pharmacology slide 2

Question 1

What are the 8 rights of drug administration

Answer 1

Right:

• patient
• drug
• dose
• route
• time
• expiry date
• documentation
• to refuse

Question 2

What is meant by paramedics provide treatments autonomously

Answer 2

w/o needing to have a physician confirm the administration

• based on pre-determined medical directives
• Medical director will determine which medications you will use and by what routes

Question 3

define Aseptic

Answer 3

condition free of pathogens

Question 4

define Sterile

Answer 4

free of all forms of life

Question 5

define Medically Clean

Answer 5

involves careful handling to prevent contamination

Question 6

how to handle needles / precautions

Answer 6

• minimize the tasks performed in a moving ambulance
• immediately dispose of used sharps in a sharps container
• recap needles only as a last resort

Question 7

What info must be documented when administering a medication

Answer 7

• indication for drug administration
• dosage and route delivered
• pt response to the medication (both positive and negative)

Question 8

What is transdermal administration

Answer 8

absorbed through the skin at a slow steady rate

Question 9

what isl method to administer transdermal med

Answer 9

1. BSI
2. clean administration site
3. apply med
4. leave medication in place for required time. monitor pt for desirable or adverse effects

Question 10

What are medication sites for mucous membrane administration

Answer 10

• tongue
• cheek
• eye
• nose
• ear
• absorbed through mucous membrane at a moderate to rapid rate

Question 11

intranasal administration method

Answer 11

• draw med into a syringe using a blunt tip needle
• detach and discard blunt tip into sharps container
• attach mucosal atomizer to syringe
• insert atomizer tip into nostril, while occluding the other side
• firmly press on plunger to inject 1/2 of the volume
• switch to the other nostril and repeat with remaining 1/2

Question 12

Sublingual method of administration

Answer 12

• appropriate BSI
• confirm indication, med, dose, rate, exp.
• have pt lift tongue towards top and back of his oral cavity
• place the pill or direct spray btw the underside of the tongue and floor of the oral cavity
• monitor the pt for desirable or undesirable effects

Question 13

What are the mechanisms to administer pulmonary drugs

Answer 13

• meds are administered via inhalation or injection
• Nebulizer
• Metered dose inhaler
• Endotracheal tube

Question 14

What meds can be given by endotracheal tube

Answer 14

• Naloxone
• Atropine
• Ventolin
• Epinephrine
• Lidocaine

Question 15

What are routes of administration of enteral drug administration

Answer 15

• delivery of any med that is absorbed through GI tract
• Oral
• Gastric tube
• Rectal

Question 16

Notes for oral drug admin

Answer 16

-make sure pt has adequate LOC to prevent aspiration

Question 17

9 oral drug forms

Answer 17

-capsules
-tablets
-pills
-elixirs
-emulsions
-lozenges
-suspensions
-syrups
enteric coated/ time release capsules and tablets

Question 18

Name 6 equipment’s used for oral administration

Answer 18

• soufflé cup
• medicine cup
• medicine dropper
• teaspoon
• oral syringe
• nipple

Question 19

method of administering oral meds

Answer 19

• BSI
• note if give w or w/o food
• gather necessary equipment\
• have pt sit upright when not contraindicated
• put med in pt mouth. allow self-admin; assis0t when needed.
• follow with 4-8 ounces of water and ensure that pt has swallowed the med

Question 20

What are the 2 gastric tubes

Answer 20

• orogastric

- nasogastric

Question 21

Why are some meds given rectally

Answer 21

• rectum is very vascularized so promotes rapid drug absorption
• meds do not go through liver so not subject to hepatic alteration

Question 22

What is parenteral drug administration

Answer 22

• outside of the GI tract
• usually involves a needle
• generally more rapid

Question 23

5 kinds of parenteral drug containers

Answer 23

• glass ampules
• single and multidose vials
• nonconstituted syringes
• prefilled syringes
• IV medication fluids

Question 24

what info is on drug labels

Answer 24

• name of med
• expiration date
• total dose and concentration

Question 25

method to administer prefilled or preloaded syringes

Answer 25

• confirm med indications and pt allergies
• confirm prefilled syringe label
• assemble prefilled syringe (remove pop-off caps & screw tgthr)
• reconfirm rights
• properly dispose of the needle & syringe

Question 26

name 5 parenteral routes

Answer 26

• Intradermal injection (not used by EMS)
• SQ injection
• IM injection
• IV access
• IO infusion

Question 27

What is injection procedure

Answer 27

• assemble & prep equipment
• BSI, confirm drug, indication, dose, & need for intradermal injection
• draw med
• prep site w/ alcohol/ antiseptic
• insert needle
• slowly inject med
• remove needle and dispose in sharp
• place adhesive bandage, use gauze for bleeding if needed

Question 28

IM injection procedure

Answer 28

• pull skin taut w/ non-dominant hand (Z-track)
• insert needle at 90° angle in chosen muscle
• inject med and release skin (when release Z skin covers inj site)
• if multiple inj/ doses uses diff sites each time

Question 29

IM inj site (4)

Answer 29

• Deltoid (preferred)
• Vastus lateralis (preferred)
• Rectus femoris
• Dorsal gluteal

MAX of 3mL in each site

Question 30

SC injection procedure

Answer 30

• pinch skin to pull away from the muscle
• insert needle, bevel up(so longest point enters skin first) @ 45° angle
• inj med and release skin
• massage the site gently post-admin

Question 31

4 SC inj sites

Answer 31

• back of upper arm (preferred)
• side of thigh (preferred)
• abdo
• flank

MAX of 2mL in each site