Respiratory Lecture 1 Flashcards
ventilation, diffusion, perfusion, Oxy Hgb dissociation curve, V/Q mismatch, pathophysiology
Where does Canada stand as far as resp compromise in comparison to other developed countries
considered mid-range
- 2.5 - 3 million have asthma
- 750 000 - 1 million have COPD
What is anatomical dead space
-total vol of the conducting airways from the nose to terminal bronchioles that fills with air that is exhaled again before gas exchange can occur. ~ 150 ml
What is minute volume respiration
vol of gas inhaled or exhaled from lungs in a minute
What is tidal volume
normal vol of air displaced during normal inhalation and exhalation
What is residual volume
vol of air still in lungs after most forceful expiration possible
-aka residual air
What is inspiratory reserve volume
max amount of additional air that can be inspired after normal inspiration
What is expiratory reserve volume
max amount of air that can be forcefully expired after normal expiration
What is total lung capacity
amount of gas in lungs after maximum inhalation
What is vital capacity
max vol of air that can be expelled from lungs after taking the deepest inspiration possible
What is functional residual capacity
Vol of air in lungs after normal expiration
-ERV + RV
What is inspiratory capacity
vol of gas that can be taken in on a full inhalation
-TV + IRV
What is forced expiratory volume
measures how much air can be exhaled during a forced breath
What are intrinsic factors
Factors that are within or influence by PT system.
-out of PT control
Examples of intrinsic factors
- genetic predisposition
- COPD, asthma, lung CA
- cardiac or circulatory conditions
- stress
What are extrinsic factors
Factors that are external to PT
-environmental
-Lifestyle
-
Examples of extrinsic factors
- smoking (cigarettes, vape, pot)
- enviro pollutants and toxins
What is the physiological process of repiratory system
- it is to exchange gases with the environment
- O2 diffuses into blood for use in cell metabolism
- CO2 (waste product) eliminated from body
What is the process that allows gas exchange to occur
- ventilation
- Diffusion
- Perfusion
What is ventilation
Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs
What are the 2 phases of ventilation
- Inspiration
- Expiration
What 4 body structures must be intact for ventilation to occur
- chest wall
- nerve pathways & brainstem
- Diaphragm
- Pleural cavity
What is Diffusion
Movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
gases move btw what two structures in diffusion
alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
What is the PO2 in alveoli
104mmHG