Sofia - Psych Flashcards
glial cells
manage microenvironments around neurons and perform support functions
oligodendrocytes
produce myelin in CNS
Schwann cells
produce myelin in PNS
Astrocytes
Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.
ependymal cells
produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
satellite cells
control the microenvironment around cell bodies in the ganglia in the PNS
Microglia
microphages that clean out microbes and debris in the CNS
unipolar
a single dendrite that splits into dendrioles but no axon, found in cerebellum and associated with balance, more commonly found in insects and invertibrates than in humans
bipolar
sensory neuron for smell, sight, taste, hearing, and balance
pseudounipolar
Sensory neuron in PNS. One axon splits with one part running to the spinal cord and one running to the periphery. Found in the dorsal root ganglia.
multipolar
has a single axon and multiple dendrites, the classic image of a neuron, includes motor neurons and interneurons (in the CNS)
interneurons
neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
nerve cells maintains a resting potential of
-70 mV, when the cell loses this negative potential, the cell is said to be depolarized (peaks at +40mV which is called hyperpolarization)
sodium potassium pump uses
sodium-potassium ATPase which pushes 3 sodium ions out of the cell for every 2 potassium ions it brings in
sympathetic nervous system
stimulates the body in the classic fight or flight response
parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest system that increases blood flow to the digestive system, slows the heart rate, etc
autonomic nervous system
The part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs.
somatic nervous system
Division of the PNS that controls the body’s skeletal muscles.
visceral nervous system
the portion of the peripheral nervous system composed of a motor division (autonomic nervous system) and sensory division. also controls glands
basal ganglia
voluntary movement, learning, and emotion
cerebellum
coordinated movement
medulla oblongata
autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
pons
relays signals between the cerebellum, medulla, and the rest of the brain, involved in sleep, respiration, swallowing, taste, bladder control, and balance
Inferior colliculus
processes auditory signals and sends them to the medial geniculate nucleus in the thalamus