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Nurse 158 > Sodium > Flashcards

Sodium Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the normal ECF range for sodium?

A

135-145

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2
Q

Sodium is responsible for_____

A

Water balance and Plasma Osmolarity

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3
Q

Sodium Attracts _____

A

Chloride

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4
Q

Sodium Sometimes exchanges for ____

A

Potassium

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5
Q

Sodium assists with the _______

A

Acid-Base Balance

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6
Q

What is the main function of sodium?

A

Promotes neuromuscular response and stimulates nerve and muscle fiber impulse transmission

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7
Q

What is the number one regulator of sodium?

A

Kidney tubules

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8
Q

During Hyponatremia, fluid shifts from the ____ to the ___ causing ___

A

ECF to the ICF causing edema

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9
Q

During hyponatremia, edema can occur in the ____ causing ____ (this degrades nerves)

A

Brain (cerebral edema)

Demyelination

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10
Q

What are three causes of ACTUAL hyponatremia?

A

Inadequate intake
Loss of body fluid
NPO

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11
Q

What are three causes of relative hyponatremia?

A

Hyperglycemia
SIADH
irrigation with hypotonic fluids

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12
Q

What are four drugs that cause a risk for hyponatremia?

A

Trycilic antidepressants
SSRI’s
Desmopression(ADH)
MDMA

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13
Q

When assessing for hyponatremia, what is the main thing to look for?

A

Signs r/t nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction

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14
Q

What are three signs of decreased ECF?

A

Tachycardia, Hypotension
Pale dry skin
thirst

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15
Q

What are two signs of increased ECF?

A

Hypertension w/bounding pulse

Edema and weight gain

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16
Q

What are the 7 neuro signs of hyponatremia

DC SHAWL

A 
Lethargy
Weakness
Headache
Confusion
Agitation
Dizziness
Seizures
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17
Q

How does fluid volume effect the symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

they dont

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18
Q

Hyponatremia will show a plasma sodium level below

A

135

19
Q

Serum osmolarity will ___ with hyponatremia

A

Drop

20
Q

The three interventions for hyponatremia?

A

Replacement
Monitoring
Restore Balance

21
Q

What are the types of replacement therapy for hyponatremia?

A

Oral (salt tabs or increased salt intake)

Parenteral (IV NaCl)

22
Q

How is Hyponatremia + Hypovolemia treated?

A

By correcting the ECF deficit

23
Q

When a pt is hyponatremic and hypervolemic, there is a sever risk for _____
How is this treated?

A

Cerebral edema

Treated with osmotic diuretics that pull water from the brain

24
Q

What drug is an osmotic diuretic?

A

Mannitol

25
Q

How is acute hyponatremia treated? What precautions should be taken?

A

With a hypertonic solution such as 3% NaCl

Should be given with a loop diuretic to avoid FVE

26
Q

3% NaCl should be given at a rate no greater than ____ to avoid ____

A

12 mEq/L/24hrs

Demylenation

27
Q

What happens to cells with hypernatremia? how does this effect the brain?

A

They shrink

It dries up

28
Q

What is the main effect of hypernatremia?

A

Increased Neurological activity

29
Q

What is the body’s main response to hypernatremia?

A

Thirst

30
Q

What are 5 causes of ACTUAL hypernatremia?

A 
Excessive ingestion
Hyper Aldosteronism
Corticosteroids 
Renal failure
Wrong IV fluids
31
Q

What are 5 relative causes of hypernatremia?

A 
NPO
Increased metabolism
Watery Diarrhea
Hyperventilation
Diabetes Incipits
32
Q

How does Hypernatremia effect the heart?

A

Tachy
HTN
Decreased contractibility

33
Q

How does hypernatremia affect the skin?

A 
Dry
Sticky
Flushed
Rough
Dry tongue
34
Q

How does Hypernatremia effect the CNS?

A

increased irritability

35
Q

How does hypernatremia affect the GI system?

A

Watery Diarrhea
Nausea
Thirst

36
Q

With elevated sodium, _____ is also elevated

A

Chloride

37
Q

What medications should be avoided when the Patient has Hypernatremia

A

Medications that have sodium in them or medications that increase sodium retention

38
Q

What are the interventions for hypernatremia?

A

Decrease sodium intake
Promote excretion
Monitor
Restore balance

39
Q

What drugs promote sodium excretion?

A

Loop and thiazide diuretics

40
Q

What is an important consideration when decreasing sodium levels?

A

Do slow to avoid cerebral edema

41
Q

When there is Hypernatremia that is euvolemic, what is the treatment?

A

Give water, identify the cause

42
Q

What is the treatment for Hypernatremia + Hypovolemia?

A

NS then D5W to balance

43
Q

What is the treatment for Hypernatremia + Hypervolemia?

A

Remove source of excess

Nurse 158 (14 decks)

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