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Nurse 158 > Potassium > Flashcards

Potassium Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the normal range for potassium?

A

3.5-5

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2
Q

Potassium shifts with ___

A

Hydrogen

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3
Q

What is the main job of potassium?

A

to maintain pH and maintain Action potential in neurons

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4
Q

What two things increase cellular uptake of potassium?

A

Insulin and catecholamines

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5
Q

What is the adequate intake of potassium?

A

40-60 mEq a day

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6
Q

Where is potassium mostly found?

A

in the muscles or neurons

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7
Q

What hormone increases excretion of potassium?

A

Aldosterone

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8
Q

What are some causes of actual hypokalemia?

A

Inadequate intake
Excessive renal loss
Excessive GI losses

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9
Q

What can cause excessive renal loss of potassium?

A

Kidney Failure

Hyperaldosteronism

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10
Q

What can cause excess loss of GI potassium?

A

Ng suction
illiostomy
loop diuretics
Black liquorish

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11
Q

In realitive hypokalemia, the potassium shifts from ____ to the ____

A

ECF to ICF

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12
Q

During Alkalosis potassium moves ____ cells and H+ moves ___

A

into

out of

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13
Q

What are 4 causes of realitive hypokalemia?

A

Alkalosis
INcreased insulin
Tissue repair
Water intoxication

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14
Q

How does hypokalemia manefest in the cardiovascular system?

A

it increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
Orthostatic Hypotension
**ECG changes **

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15
Q

How does hypokalemia manefest in the respiratory system?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

How does Hypokalemia affect deep tendon reflexes?

A

the decrease because of slow repolarization

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17
Q

What four aspects are monitored for during hypokalemia?

A

Serum potassium
ECG changes
Electrolyte levles
I&O

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18
Q

How does hypokalemia affect the renal system?

A

Causes increased urine production and inability to concentrate urine

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19
Q

What three lab findings support hypokalemia?

A

Trending plasma levels
Elevated pH and Bicarb
Elevated glucose

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20
Q

What three electrolytes tend to decrease with potassium?

A

Calcium, Chloride, and Magnesium

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21
Q

What types of medications can decrease potassium levels?

A

Diuretics

and Herbal meds that have black licorice root in them

22
Q

What are the interventions for hypokalemia?

A

Replacement therapy
Monitoring
Restore balance
Potassium sparing diuretics

23
Q

What are the three types of replacment therapies for potassium?

A

Dietary
Suppliments
Parenteral

24
Q

What are three dietary sources of potassium?

A

Salt substitutes KCl
Potatoes
Bananas
Aprocots

25
Q

Potassium supplements should not be given when UO is ____

A

less than 0.5ml/kg/hr

26
Q

Parenteral potassium should not be given at a right higher than ______

A

20mEq and hour

27
Q

What is an example of a potassium sparing diuretic?

A

Spirolactone

28
Q

Hyperkalemia is rare with ______

A

normally functioning kidneys

29
Q

What is the most sensitivite to increased potassium?

A

the myocardium

30
Q

A sudden increase of potassium shows changes at _____ and gradual at ___

A

6-7mEq/L

8mEq/L

31
Q

What are some causes of actual hyperkalemia?

A

excessive intake

Decreased excretion

32
Q

What are 4 things that can decrease excretion of potassium?

A

Adrenal insufficency
Renal impairment/failure
potassium sparing diuretics
ACE inhibitors

33
Q

What are five things that can cause a realitive increase in potassium?

A 
Cellular release
Pseudohyperkalemia - Hemolysis
Trancellular shifting
Medication
Addisons disease
34
Q

What are some causes of cellular release of potassium?

A

Cell destruction
Crush injuries
Burns
Trama

35
Q

What major issue causes a transcellular shift of potassium to the ECF?

A

DKA

36
Q

What hormone is reduced in addisons disease that causes hyperkalemia?

A

Aldosterone (aldosterone wastes potassium)

37
Q

What are the cardio manifestations of hyperkalemia?

A

Irregular HR
Slow HR
Decreased BP
abnormal ECG

38
Q

WHat are the neuromuscular signs of hyperkalemia?

A

Twitching, cramps, irritable

With prolongs hyperkalemia comes paralysis from the extremities up

39
Q

What are the GI signs of hyperkalemia?

A

Hypermotility, cramps, N/V/D, weight loss

40
Q

What do you monitor during hyperkalemia?

A

Serum K
ECG changes
I&O’s
ABG’s tmonitor for Acidosis

41
Q

What is a theraputic treatment that can cause hyperkalemia?

A

Blood transfusions

42
Q

What are the 5 interventions for hyperkalemia?

A 
Decrease intake
Promote excretion
Monitor
Restore balance
Dialysis if uncontrolled
43
Q

What are the 4 types of medications given for hyperkalemia?

A

Exchange resins
IV therapy
Potassium wasting diuretics
Beta2 agonists

44
Q

What is the exchange resin for potassium?

What routes can it be given?

A

Kayexalate

oral or enema

45
Q

What does a potassium exchange resin do?

A

exchanges sodium with potassium and binds potassium in gut to be wasted in feces

46
Q

What are the three iv treatments for hyperkalemia?

A

Calcium Gluconate
Reg insulin and 50% dextrose
Bicarb

47
Q

What is the function of IV calcium gluconate in the treatment of hyperkalemia?

A

It competes with potassium

48
Q

What is the function of IV regular insulin and 50% dextrose in the treatment of hyperkalemia?

A

It shifts potassium back into cells

49
Q

What is the function of sodium bicarb in the treatment of hyperkalemia?

A

It treats acidosis

50
Q

What is the function of beta2 agonist’s in the treatment of hyperkalemia

A

drives potassium back into cells

Nurse 158 (14 decks)

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