SODIUM

Question 1

Normal values of sodium

Answer 1

135 - 145 mEq/L

Question 2

Normal serum osmolality of sodium

Answer 2

270-290 mOsm/kg H2O

Question 3

It is the most plentiful electrolyte in ECF and primary regulator of the volume, osmolality and
distribution of ECF

Answer 3

Sodium

Question 4

Sodium accounts how many percent in ECF?

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

What is osmosis?

Answer 5

Water moves from low solute concentration to higher solute concentration

Question 6

The signs and symptoms of hyponatremia is caused by?

Answer 6

Cerebral edema

Question 7

Pathyphysiology of hyponatremia

Answer 7

Causes → ↓Serum NA/ ↓SO (ECF) → water moves from
ECF to ICF → Cerebral Edema → increased intracranial
pressure → headache

Question 8

What are the causes of hyponatremia

Answer 8

LEEAB

Low sodium diet
Excessive use of diuretics
Excessive persperation / diuresis
Ascites
Burn

Question 9

Clinical manifestations of hypernatremia

Answer 9

HDMIC

Headache
Disorientation, confusion
Muscle twitching
Irritability
Convulsions and tremors

Question 10

Nursing management for hyponatremia

Answer 10

RISA

Reorient patient

If seizures are likely, pad the side rails and keep suction
equipment ready

Sodium rich foods
Administer 0.9 sodium chloride per IV

Question 11

It is a sodium and water excess

Answer 11

Hypernatremia

Question 12

Causes of hypernatremia

Answer 12

High sodium diet
Dehydration
Diabetes Insipidus

Question 13

Manifestations of hypernatremia

Answer 13

DDDOT

Dry oral mucous membrane
Dry, rubbery skin turgor
Dry tongue
Oliguria
Thirst

Question 14

Management for hypernatremia

Answer 14

DRIM

D5W to return serum sodium
Restrict sodium in diet
Increase fluid intake
Monitor I and O