FLUID IMBALANCES

Question 1

It is a decrease in intravascular, interstitial and intracellular
fluid in the body

Answer 1

Fluid volume deficit (FVD)

Question 2

Must common causes of FVD

Answer 2

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Hemorrhage
Laxative
Enema

Question 3

Manifestations of FVD

Answer 3

WIDDDOOPTTH

Weight loss
Increased Specific Gravity
Dark and concentrated urine
Decreased CVP
Dry oral mucous membrane
Oliguria
Orthostatic hypotension
Poor skin turgor
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypovolemia

Question 4

Normal values of specific gravity

Answer 4

1.010 - 1.025

Question 5

Normal venous pressure

Answer 5

Superior vena cava = 0-12 mmH2O

Right atrium = 5-12 mmH2O

Question 6

Best indicator for hydration and dehydration

Answer 6

Weight

Question 7

Nursing interventions for FVD

Answer 7

WOFP

Weight patient daily
Oral care
Fluid replacement (3-4 L per day)
Promote safety (risk for injury)

Question 8

Results when both water and sodium are retained in the
body

Answer 8

Fluid volume excess (FVE)

Question 9

3 most common causes of FVE

Answer 9

CRS

Congestive Heart Failure
Renal Failure
Syndrome of Inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone

Question 10

Clinical manifestation of FVE

Answer 10

DDROWNI

Dyspnea
Dependent edema
Rales/crackles
Orthopnea
Weight gain
Neck vein engorgement
Increased CVP

Question 11

Nursing interventions for FVE

Answer 11

FWEMA

Fluid and sodium restriction
Weight the patient daily
Elevate edematous body parts
Meticulous skin care
Administer diuretics as ordered