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FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES > POTASSIUM > Flashcards

POTASSIUM Flashcards

1
Q

It is the primary cation in ICF that plays vital role in cell metabolism,
cardiac and neuromuscular function

A

Potassium

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2
Q

Causes of hypokalemia

A

SPAL

Severe vomiting
Potassium wasting diuretics
Alkalosis
L and D

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3
Q

Clinical manifestation of hypokalemia

A

DDEPAMF

Deep tendon reflex
Diminished pulse
ECG changes
Paralytic ileus/constipation
Anorexia
Muscle weakness
Fatigue

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4
Q

Hypokalemia ECG

A

PID

Pathologic U wave
Inverted T wave
Depressed QRS wave

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5
Q

Diet for hypokalemia

A

High potassium diet

(Banana, dried fruits, orange, raw carrot, raw tomato,
baked potato, melon (cantaloupe), watermelon)

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6
Q

DOC for hypokalemia

A

Potassium chloride

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7
Q

How potassium chloride given to the patient?

A

slow IV drip

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8
Q

Fast drip in giving potassium chloride IV may cause

A

Dysrhythmias and
cardiac arrest

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9
Q

In giving potassium chloride ensure that the urine output is

A

30 mL/h (no pee, no K)

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10
Q

Administer potassium chloride slowly . IV infusion concentrations shouldn’t
exceed to?

A

60mEq/L

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11
Q

Rates of potassium chloride do not exceed to?

A

20mEq/hr

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12
Q

A serum or plasma potassium level above the upper limits of normal

A

Hyperkalemia

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13
Q

Causes of hyperkalemia

A

PAR

Potassium sparing diuretics
Acidosis
Renal failure

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14
Q

Early manifestation of hyperkalemia

A

PID

Paresthesia
Irritability
Diarrhea

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15
Q

Late sign of hyperkalemia

A

Muscle weakness

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16
Q

Other signs of hyperkalemia

A

NMT

Nausea and vomiting
Muscle twitching
Tremors

17
Q

ECG of a patient during hyperkalemia

A

PWELT

Prolonged PR interval
Wide QRS
Elevated ST
Loss of P wave
Tall T wave

18
Q

Management for hyperkalemia

A

CDDKL

Calcium gluconate
Dialysis
D10W with regular insulin per IV
Kayexalate
Low potassium diet

19
Q

Antidote for hyperkalemia

A

Calcium gluconate

20
Q

DOC for metabolic acidosis

A

Sodium bicarbonate

21
Q

Transport glucose with K back to cells

A

Insulin

22
Q

To attach K to glucose

A

Glucose

23
Q

Sodium polysterene sulfate, cation resin exchange
Given orally/rectal – to exchange sodium for potassium in the GI tract

A

Kayexalate

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES (7 decks)

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