CALCIUM Flashcards
Calcium normal values
4.5 - 5.5mEq/L or 8.6-10 mg/dl
Positively charged ion found in both ECF and ICF
Calcium
Approximately______of this electrolyte in the body is bound
to__________ to form the minerals in ____________
99%, phosphorus, bones and teeth
The remaining 1% is in _______ (ECF) and in __________
Serum (ECF), sof-tissues
If calcium increases phosphorus_________
Decreases
If calcium decreases phosphorus __________
Increases
Calcium + protein =
Hypocalcemia
What are the 2 pro-calcium
Parathormone & vitamin D
Secreted by the parathyroid gland
Parathormone
When serum calcium falls, parathyroid gland ________________
Increases PTH secretion
When serum calcium increases, _________________
PTH is suppressed
It is activated by liver then by kidney and it promotes liver then by kidney
Vitamin D
What are the 2 anti - calcium
Calcitonin
Phosphorus
It is secreted by the thyroid gland, it antagonizes PTH it promotes calcium excretion and it inhibits bine resorption
Calcitonin
It inhibits calcium absorption and it has inverse relationship with calcium
Phosphorus
For adults, the recommended daily requirement
is _________
800 - 1200 mg/day
Dairy products that are rich in phosphorus are
Yogurt, cheese, milk
Other foods that are rich in phosphorus
Green leafy vegetables
Legumes
Nuts
Whole grains
Causes of hypercalcemia are
HALA
Hypoparathyroidism
Alcoholism
Low calcium diet
Alkalosis
Calcium is necessary for ___________
Cell wall integrity
Manifestation of hypocalcemia
Convulsion
Chvostek’s sign
Convulsion
Disorientation
Diarrhea
Increased deep tendon reflex
Paresthesia
Tremors
Tetany
Trousseaus sign
Management for hypocalcemia
Aluminum hydroxide/Amphogel
Calcium gluconate 10% IV
Eat high fiber diet
High fluid intake
High calcium diet
Oral calcium salts
Vitamin d supplements
Calcium acetate, calcium gluconate must be administered _________ hours after meals and at________
1.5 -2, bed time
DOC for acute hypocalcemia
Calcium gluconate 10% IV
Calcium gluconate must nit be given if IV out because if it goes
subcutaneously, it will burn the SQ tissues which
will lead to_________
Necrosis
Do not administer _________ if there is a risk of leakage into
tissues
Calcium
Dilute calcium salts with ________
D5W (IVF)
Calcium salt must not administer with ____________ because
it promotes calcium excretion
Sodium chloride
IV calcium salts management
Place patient on cardiac monitor
Provide a quiet environment
Keep resuscitation bagat bedside
Take precautions for seizure
Reorient a confused patient
Causes of hypercalcemia
High calcium diet
Hyperparathyroidism (most common cause)
Clinical manifestation of hypercalcemia that are same as hypokalemia
Anorexia
Constipation
Decreased bowel sound
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Nausea and vomiting
Paralytic ileus
Normal bowel sounds in 1 minute
5-30
Management for hypercalcemia
Increased fluid intake 3-4 L/day
Provide acid-ash diet
Protect client from injury
Administer IV fluids – PNSS/ 0.9 NaCL
Mithracin (Mithramycin)
Example of acid- ash diet
fruit juices and vitamin C
(cranberry juice and prune juice)
Drugs that reduce serum calcium levels
Mithracin (mithramycin)
