Sociology- gender idetites

Question 1

Definition of sex?

Answer 1

The biological differences between males and females.

Question 2

Definition of gender?

Answer 2

The cultural classification of people as masculine or feminine, society lays out these expectations.

Question 3

definition of social constructionism?

Answer 3

when smt is defined by society.

Question 4

Parsons (functionalist)-Traditional gender identities

Answer 4

-‘Instrument roles’ are providers and breadwinners
-‘Expressive role’: women care and look after their home and children.
-Believe men and women have a function in society

Question 5

Oakley- Traditional gender identities

Answer 5

Children are socialised into expectations through manipulation, Canalisation, Verbal appellations, different activities

Question 6

McRobbie-Traditional gender identities

Answer 6

’ Bedroom culture’- girls spend their leisure time with friends in their bedroom.
-Boys are given more freedom than girls, they are more protected.
-‘culture of femininity- friendship and shared culture with girls.

Question 7

Lincoln-Traditional gender identities

Answer 7

-Updated McRobbie’s research.
-Girls are no longer as private because the internet is more common.
-bedroom culture still existed.

Question 8

Nakuamura-Traditional gender identities

Answer 8

media - stereotype women,
discrimination and inequality they face, as the internet has become increasingly more used by women of different ethnic/class backgrounds.

Question 9

Billington-Traditional gender identities

Answer 9

Presents masculinity as dominant and femininity as subordinate.

Question 10

definition of hegemonic femininity

Answer 10

traditional style of femininity with characteristics of being passive, subordinate, and quiet.

Question 11

Ferguson

Answer 11

-‘the cult of femininity’ promotes the idea that excellence is achieved through caring for others.

Question 12

Skelton

Answer 12

-hidden curriculum perpetuates differences in subject choice, and gendered content may reinforce gender expectations.

Question 13

Kelly

Answer 13

Argues that subjects are more patriarchal and male-dominated and that boys dominate science classrooms

Question 14

Colley

Answer 14

Argues that school subject choices are based on perceptions of gender roles, subject preferences, and learning environments.

Question 15

Adkins

Answer 15

coined the phrases horizontal segregation- labor market divided men and women have specific jobs, and vertical segregation- the workforce is split having men at the top of the hierarchy and women at the bottom.

Question 16

MITSOS AND BROWNE

Answer 16

Argued boys and girls are labeled differently. the anti-learning culture socialized boys into gender roles that were distinctly different from girls.

Question 17

Willis

Answer 17

Working-class boys developed an anti-school subculture that prioritized deviance rather than education.

Question 18

sewell

Answer 18

argued Afro-Carribean men who lacked positive male role models expressed and exaggerated from of masculinity. hyper masculinity

Question 19

Sharpe

Answer 19

in the 1970s girls prioritized love, marriage, husbands, and children. 1990s girls’ priorities changed to jobs, careers, and supporting themselves

Question 20

Jackson

Answer 20

had discovered the concept of ‘laddetts’, a female version of the lad who strays from the norms of the traditional feminine identity.

Question 21

Nixion

Answer 21

the ‘new man’ concept is traced back to Levi’s ‘Launderette’ advert which encouraged men to spend more time and money on their appearance.

Question 22

Mort

Answer 22

men’s consumption had increased due to the ‘launderette’ advert.

Question 23

Connell

Answer 23

Argues different forms of masculinity have changed over time. Coined ‘hegemonic masculinity’, ‘complicit masculinity’ (new man), ‘subordinate masculinity’, and ‘marginalized masculinity’

Question 24

Easthorpe

Answer 24

Media socialises boys into view that masculinity is based of strength, aggression and competition.