Ethnic identities Flashcards
what is race?
the perceived biological or physical differences between groups e.g. skin colour.
what is ethnicity?
cultural differences
what is emigration?
moving out of a country
what is immigration?
moving into a country
what is cultural homogenisation?
spread of global culture
e.g. food chains like KFC, and tech brands like Apple.
what is cultural diversity?
variety of different cultures who live in separate communities. based around ethnicity, sexuality and moral principles.
e.g. china town, southall
what is cultural hybridity?
mixing of 2 cultures to create new cultures and identities.
what is multiculturalsim?
concept that UK society is made up of a variety of different ethnic groups and cultures.
e.g. world food isles
what are some push factors?
poor employment
ethnic cleansing
poverty
natural disasters
marriage opportunities
war
pollution
political oppression
poor education/healthcare
what are some pull factors?
good employment/wages
marriage opportunities
political/religious freedom
security
education
climate
good healthcare
better living conditions/ opportunities
what do Cashmore and Tyrone talk about/
?
(family/peer group)
discovered that immigrants were facing discrimination in housing, workplace, and education.
responded by ‘turning inwards’ -creating communities with people from the same ethnic backgrounds as them.
what does Hebdrige talk about about the family?
‘Rastafarianism’ is seen as a religion in Jamaica but UK youths adopt it as a subculture, to resist racism.
family- what does Ghuman talk about?
Tradition and religion were important in second-generation Asian families.
-children are socialised by extended fam.
-they reinforce traditinal ethnic identities through language, culture and norms.
Family- what does Anwar talk about?
-Family is a source of conflict for children immersed in Western cultures.
-creates a ‘culture clash’ as parents argue the importance of honour and reputation.
Family- what did Butler talk about?
the family leave the responsibility of communtitys future on girls.
- 2nd gen muslims experince tension between brirtish and asian culures.
Education- Driver and Ballad
Argue Indian families value their children’s education.
-push them to high ambition and to get the best grades.
Education- Archer and Francis
cultural factors explain the success of British Chinese students.
-Chinese parents play a strong role in developing child academic success.
- push for higher education and invest time and money in supporting children.
Education- Coard
Education is institutionally racist and ethnocentric.
-argues curriculum is based on one viewpoint, ignoring others.
-white history and literature dominate the curriculum.
what does ethnocentric mean?
curriculum reflects the dominant culture of society.
Education- what does Gillborn argue?
argue teachers are institutionally racist to black boys.
they are negatively stereotyped and labeled.
self-fulfilling prophecy.
Media- What does Alexander argue?
That Asian youths in East London are unfairly targeted by police/media.
-Asian boys were criminalised as a result of Islamaphobia and clashes between black and Asian gangs that the media exaggerated.
Media-What did Hual argue?
films portray black people as natives, entertainers, or slaves.
-coined the term ‘ white eye’, how we see ethnic minorities as directors want us to see them which are not true reflections.
Media- What did Moghissi argue?
argues Muslims are huddled together in the media. From moral panic caused by 9/11 and 7/11.
-Muslim women are present as honor-killing victims
-Muslim men are stereotyped as terrorists.
Media- What does Sewell argue?
argues black boys from single-parent families look for role models like rappers.
they imitate the hypermasculinity and objectification of women these rappers teach them.
the peer group is a ‘cultural comfort zone’ because the boys share similar backgrounds and seek comfort from one another.
changing identities - Les Back
found new ‘hybrid identities’ from a study on 2 council estates in south London.
The black, white Asian youths tried out new ‘cultural masks’ and ‘cultural borrowing’
changing identities - Gill
supported Les Back, his research into british asian students led to the concept of ‘Blasian’-adopted black styles, whihc he argued was further evidence of hybrid identities.
changing identities - Burdsey
In his study of 2nd and 3rd gen british asian footballers, discovered ‘code-switching’ where they had an Asian identity with parents but a white identity with peers. Suggested asians wear a ‘white mask’
changing identities - Nayak
Studied white W/C males and described them as ‘wangstas’, ‘white wannabes’, and ‘wiggers’ for adopting the style and language of black culture.
