sociology chapter 8

Question 1

deviance

Answer 1

recognized violation of cultural norms

Question 2

crime

Answer 2

violation of society’s formally enacted criminal law

Question 3

social control

Answer 3

attempts by society to regulate peoples thoughts and behavior

Question 4

criminal justice system

Answer 4

organizations, police, courts, and prison officials that respond to alleged violations of the law

Question 5

labeling theory

Answer 5

idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

Question 6

stigma

Answer 6

a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person’s self concept and social identity

Question 7

medicalization of deviance

Answer 7

transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition

Question 8

white collar crime

Answer 8

crime committed by people of highsocial position in the course of their occupations

Question 9

corporate crime

Answer 9

the illegal actions of corporation or people acting on its behalf

Question 10

organized crime

Answer 10

a business supplying illegal goods or services

Question 11

hate crime

Answer 11

a criminal act against a person or a person’s property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias

Question 12

crimes against the person

Answer 12

crimes that direct violence or the threat of violence against others, AKA violent crimes

Question 13

crimes against property

Answer 13

crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others, AKA property crimes

Question 14

victimless crimes

Answer 14

violations of law in which there are no obvious victims

Question 15

plea bargaining

Answer 15

legal negotiation in which prosecutor reduces charge in exchange for a defendants guilty plea

Question 16

retribution

Answer 16

act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime

Question 17

detterence

Answer 17

the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment

Question 18

rehabilitation

Answer 18

a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses

Question 19

societal protection

Answer 19

rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution

Question 20

criminal recidivism

Answer 20

later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes

Question 21

community based corrections

Answer 21

correctional programs operating within society at large rather than behind prison walls