sociology chapter 8 Flashcards
deviance
recognized violation of cultural norms
crime
violation of society’s formally enacted criminal law
social control
attempts by society to regulate peoples thoughts and behavior
criminal justice system
organizations, police, courts, and prison officials that respond to alleged violations of the law
labeling theory
idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions
stigma
a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person’s self concept and social identity
medicalization of deviance
transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition
white collar crime
crime committed by people of highsocial position in the course of their occupations
corporate crime
the illegal actions of corporation or people acting on its behalf
organized crime
a business supplying illegal goods or services
hate crime
a criminal act against a person or a person’s property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias
crimes against the person
crimes that direct violence or the threat of violence against others, AKA violent crimes
crimes against property
crimes that involve theft of property belonging to others, AKA property crimes
victimless crimes
violations of law in which there are no obvious victims
plea bargaining
legal negotiation in which prosecutor reduces charge in exchange for a defendants guilty plea
retribution
act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime
detterence
the attempt to discourage criminality through the use of punishment
rehabilitation
a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses
societal protection
rendering an offender incapable of further offenses temporarily through imprisonment or permanently by execution
criminal recidivism
later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes
community based corrections
correctional programs operating within society at large rather than behind prison walls
