Sociology - C&D - Social distribution - Gender Flashcards
What did Carlen (1985) research?
Women commiting crime and links to poverty
Who did Carlen study?
39 working class women ages 15-46 who had been convicted of one of more crimes. Most were from london, 20 in prison or youth custody
How did Carlen study the women?
In depth unstructured taped interviews (qualitative)
How did Carlen find working class women had been controlled?
Through the promise of rewards stemming from family and work. Encouraged to make deals.
What deals did Carlen find women were encouraged to make?
Class deals and Gender deals
Class deal, Carlen (1985)
involves working class women working for a wage so they can buy consumer goods
Gender deal, Carlen (1985
involves psychological and material rewards that come from “love” of a male breadwinner.
What did Carlen find happens when rewards are not available to working class women?
Gender and class deals break down and crime becomes a possibility
What 4 factors did Carlen (1985) find women attributed their criminality to?
Drug addiction, excitement, brought up in care, poverty
In Carlen’s (1985) study, how many women had always been poor?
32
Why does Carlen believe that women are deterred from committing crime?
They are brought up to see themselves as guardians of domestic morality and have less chance to commit crime as they are closely supervised by parents and then husbands. (patriarchal ideology)
What reasons are found to have linked the women’s liberation movement to an increase in female crime?
Increased opportunities, and changing self concept and identity of women.
What did Adler (1975), the liberal feminist, study?
The rise of the new female criminal. The Liberation thesis
How did Adler (1985) conduct her research?
using international statistics from the 1960s to show how female crime had increased and focused on a number of studies in the US showing increasing female involvement in traditionally male dominated crimes.
What does Simon state about the “rise of the new female criminal”?
Women commit more property crime and less violent crime as they experience less frustration due to more opportunities in education and employment