Sociology Flashcards
Society (Definition):
A group of people involved in interpersonal relationships, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.
Primary socialisation (Definition):
Socialisation during childhood, mainly through family.
Secondary socialisation (Definition):
Socialisation of teenagers through schools / peer groups / media.
Social processes (Definition):
Ways individuals and groups on the behaviour of each other.
Social interactions (Definition):
Influence of individuals or groups on the behaviour of each other.
Social issues (Definition):
Topic that influences society but is opposed by some individuals.
Social change (Definition):
Alterations to society over time.
Social structures (Definition):
Organised pattern of social relationships and institutions that make up society.
Social stratification (Definition):
System of rankings within society, e.g. wealth, power, etc.
Social control (Definition):
Ways that people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviour are regulated in societies.
It is often thought a country’s status is represented by sporting success, give an example of this:
Brazil and football.
East Africa and distance running.
The Ashes.
USA vs Russia.
What types of sport do the upper and middle classes typically take part in?
- Non-contact sports such as golf, polo and tennis.
- More resources.
- More free time.
What types of sport do the working / lower classes typically take part in?
- More physical such as mob football and wrestling.
- More informal.
- More participation (when possible).
How do the upper and middle classes usually play sports?
- More formally played.
- Sportsmanship.
- Organised.
- Competitive.
How do the working / lower classes usually play sports?
- More casual.
- Less rules.
- Gamesmanship.
- Maybe wagering.
- Competitive.
What are the various purposes of physical education during the primary socialisation process?
- Physical skills / coordination.
- Social skills / communications.
- Morality / sharing.
- Safety / awareness.
- Creativity / cognitive skills / decision-making.
What are the various purposes of physical education during the secondary socialisation process?
- Health and fitness.
- Physical skills / competencies.
- Social / leadership skills.
- Morals.
- Decision making.
- Preparation for active leisure.
When does gender socialisation occur?
During both primary and secondary socialisation.
Gender socialisation (Definition):
The act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation.
Put simply, what is gender socialisation?
“Boys learn to be boys and girls learn to be girls”
What concept is where “boys learn to be boys and girls learn to be girls”?
Gender socialisation.
How does gender socialisation occur?
Through many different ‘agents of socialisation’, these are family, friends, school, college and mass media.
Institutions (Definitions):
An established organisation founded for a religious, educational, professional or social purpose.
Society is made up of various ________?
Institutions.
What is the most basic institution unit?
Family.
What do institutions work together for?
The benefit of society, undertaking a variety of ‘social processes’ to ensure socialisation into society, maintaining order and social control.
Social processes act as barriers to participation in sports, historically what is the main constraint?
Gender.
Identify reasons why aerobics is a popular pastie among women compared to a sport such as rugby.
- Weight loss / health and fitness.
- Non-contact.
- Socially acceptable / female stereotype.
- Equality of opportunity.
- Time and money.
- More opportunities
- Performed recreationally / own leisure.
- Female only classes.
Give an example of gender inequalities in sport: (media)
Newspaper articles are male dominated; (pink / blue highlighting exercise).
What percentage of sports coverage in national and local print media is dedicated to women’s sport?
4%.