Sociology 1 Review Flashcards
What do microstructures involve?
Face to face relations like families or friendships
What are mesostructures?
They encompass patterns in organizations where interaction is less personal such as colleges or bureaucracies
What are macrostructures?
Overarching social patterns (e.g: patriarchy)
What are global structures?
The structures that involve economic relations between countries
What was the Black Death?
A plague that killed one third of Europe in 1346
Where did the Black Death originate from?
Asia
What is the definition of health according to the World Health Organization?
The state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is a life expectancy?
The number of years in which a person can expect to live
What is the worlds highest life expectancy?
In Japan at 85 years with projections of 92 by 2050
What is socialized medicine (healthcare system in Canada)?
Involves government controlled financing and organization of health services, direct payments to providers and equal access guarantees
What are the concerns around Canada’s heathcare system?
Wait times at emergency rooms stretching into days rather than hours, surgeries and other necessary procedures being delayed and finding a family doctor keeps getting more difficult
What is the primary focus of the field research in sociology?
Observing people in their natural social settings
What is structural-functionalism?
The sociological theory which emphasizes the functions and interdependence of social structures to maintain stability and order in society
What does symbolic interactionism focus on?
Interpreting symbols and face to face interactions
What is happening with young Canadians today?
They are devoting less time to school associated extracurricular activities compared to past generations
What is a drawback of experiments as a sociological research method?
The difficulty of generalizing the finding to other settings
What is a key theme in the relation to the potential outcomes of globalization and post-industrialism?
The unintended consequences and potential downsides
What are environmental threats from consumerism a challenge to?
The newfound freedom associated with industrialism and globalization
How were Canadians viewed up until the 1960s?
In the conventional view that we were stodgy, peaceful, and deferential to authority
What is Rationalization?
The application of efficient means to achieve goals and it’s unintended negative consequences
Who coined the term Rationalization?
Max Weber
What are the downsides of wireless technologies in the context of Rationalization?
Decreased focus and increased anxiety
What is one significant consequence of the rationalization process in the production of goods and services in the context if consumerism?
Increased efficiency and abundance
What is a social network?
A set of individuals, organizations, or countries linked by the exchange of resources
What characterizes a primary group in sociology?
String emotional ties, long lasting interactions and familiarity among members
What does Weber state as more efficient when compared to traditional and charismatic organizations?
Bureaucracies
What is bystander apathy?
The act of observing someone in an emergency situation and not offering help
How is a network structure distinguished from traditional bureaucratic structure in organizations?
Fewer levels of authority, decentralized decision making and multiple lines of communication
What does the term “moral panic” mean?
Widespread fear that crime poses a grave threat to society’s well being
How do media outlets benefit from moral panic?
By attracting larger audiences through sensationalized crime stories
How do the crime prevention and punishment industries benefit from moral panic?
By providing security-related products and services
What is the primary goal of politicians who exploit moral panic?
To use crime to advance their political agendas
What is moral panic in the context of the incarceration rate and crime rate?
The phenomenon observed when the incarceration rate increases despite a decrease in crime rates
What is social mobility?
The movement of individuals up and down the social hierarchy over time
What does the intergenerational income mobility index show?
That a higher value indicates lesser mobility with children’s income closely tied to that of their parents
What does the modernization theory suggest in reference to global inequality?
That transferring western culture and capital to poor societies will reduce inequality
What is the major flaw in the modernization theory according to the dependency theory?
That it blames the victim rather than the perpetrator of global inequality
What distinguishes semi-peripheral countries from peripheral counties in the context of global inequality?
The presence of a strong industrial infrastructure and strategic geopolitical importance
What is the definition of a nuclear family?
A family structure with two married parents and their biological or adopted children
What are traditional gender roles?
A decision in labour in the traditional nuclear family where the husband is the primary breadwinner and the wife is the primary caregiver and homemaker
What is a single parent family?
A family where one parent is the primary caregiver and financial provider
What contributes to the gender pay gap in the context of family dynamics?
Increased stress and inequality
What are mixed race families?
Families where members have different racial backgrounds
What is educational inequality?
Disparities in access to quality education and educational outcomes among different social groups
What is educational inequality influenced by?
Socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity or gender
What is Symbolic Interactionism in the context of education?
The sociological perspective that focuses on how individuals through interactions and symboled create and give meaning to their social world
What is the Corporatization of the University?
The transformation of universities based on a business model, often involving increased reliance on market forces, higher tuition fees, and responsiveness to the demands of the job market
What is holistic medicine?
It emphasizes balancing mind, body and environment
What is Facebook?
A social media platform that boasts 2.74 billion monthly active users
What is network individualism?
The downside of excessive individualism resulting from excessive use of social media
What is the potential downside of using social media for communication?
The distractions and and interruptions during traditional social activities
What is globalization a factor contributing to?
The increased flexibility of self identity
What is happening due to declining adult guidance?
Young Canadians are spending more time alone after school
What has happened from 2001 to 2016?
The percentage of young Canadian adults living with parents has increased
How are millennials often characterized in popular culture as?
Spoiled and entitled
What economic challenges do many millennials face?
High student loans and housing affordability
