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CDSW Program > Lifespan Development Review > Flashcards

Lifespan Development Review Flashcards

1
Q

How were children seen in western societies in the Middle Ages?

A

As inherently wicked as

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2
Q

In Erikson’s stages, what is the primary outcome of Initiative vs Guilt?

A

Feelings of confidence and independence

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3
Q

What theory emphasizes the interconnected influence of biological, psychological and social factors?

A

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

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4
Q

Who is credited with finding child development as an academic discipline in the United States?

A

G. Stanley Hall

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5
Q

What is the learning perspective?

A

Psychological perspective that emphasizes learning through consequences, reinforcement and punishment

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6
Q

What does the epigenome control?

A

Gene expression in human development through chemical marks on the DNA

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7
Q

What is the Ecological Systems Theory?

A

Theory that states that the macro system influences of the broader cultural and socio-economic settings

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8
Q

In sex determination during fertilization, what does “XY” result in?

A

Male

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9
Q

What are the key characteristics of fraternal (Dizygotic) twins?

A

They have different genetic compositions

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10
Q

What is Phenylketonuria?

A

Genetic disorder characterized by an inability to metabolize phenylalanine leading to intellectual challenges and physical problems

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11
Q

When do painless Braxton-Hicks contractions occur?

A

During the last month of pregnancy

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12
Q

What marks the beginning of the second stage of childbirth?

A

The baby’s head moving into the vagina

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13
Q

What does an episiotomy during childbirth do?

A

Prevents random tearing during crowning

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14
Q

What percentage of childbirths in Canada occur in hospitals?

A

98.5%

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15
Q

What does the Canadian Preterm Birth Network do?

A

Works to increase preterm infant survival rates

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16
Q

What does Proximodistal Development mean?

A

Development proceeds from the trunk outwards

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17
Q

What does Cephalocaudal Development mean?

A

From the head to the body

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18
Q

What is Failure to Thrive?

A

A disorder in infants and young children impairing physical growth and cognitive development

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19
Q

What does the Canadian Paediatric Society recommend?

A

Exclusive breast feeding for the first six months

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20
Q

What are the downsides of breastfeeding?

A

The mother needs to be adequately nourished and it may involve physical demands and soreness in the breasts

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21
Q

What is a schema according to Piaget?

A

A mental structure that categorizes knowledge; children use it for assimilation

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22
Q

What are the primary characteristics in Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage in cognitive development?

A

Logical mental actions and conversation concepts

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23
Q

What is the concept of Object Permanence?

A

The recognition that objects or people exist even when out of sight. This typically emerges in the sensorimotor stage

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24
Q

What is Deferred Imitation according to Piaget?

A

Imitation of an action observed hours, days or weeks earlier and is demonstrated around 18 months

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25
Q

What is the primary task during Erikson’s Stage 1- Basic Trust vs Mistrust?

A

Developing trust. Mistrust may be the result of inconsistent or unreliable caregiving

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26
Q

What happens according to the Ethological View of Attachment?

A

Exposure to the human face elicits a social smile which promotes survival in infants

27
Q

What is the key concept of the Internal Working Model in the context of attachment?

A

A set of beliefs and expectations about self worth and the availability of others for protection and soothing

28
Q

What is the primary characteristic of Ainsworth’s “Secure Attachment Style”?

A

Mild protest during parent departure, seeking interaction upon parent return and easy comfort

29
Q

What does the impact of attachment styles state?

A

That secure attachment predicts psychological disorders by age 17

30
Q

What is the average growth rate for height in the pre-school years?

A

5-6 cm (2-3 inches) per year

31
Q

What happens at 2 years old?

A

The brain reaches approximately 75% of its adult weight

32
Q

What is drawing shapes in childhood an example of?

A

A fine motor skill

33
Q

Does the level of parental activity correlate to activity levels in their children?

A

Yes. More active parents lead to more active children and vice versa

34
Q

What is excessive television watching a risk factor for?

A

Childhood obesity

35
Q

How many calories does an average 8-10 year old need according to Canada’s Food Guide?

A

Approximately 1600 per day

36
Q

What is one challenge in maintaining good nutrition in middle childhood?

A

The prevelance of sugar, animal fats and salt in the school cafeteria

37
Q

What percentage of children in Canada aged 5-17 are obese?

A

30%

38
Q

What are key motor skills developed by children between the ages of 8-10?

A

Balancing, coordination and strength

39
Q

What is one associated issue mentioned in the context of ADHD?

A

Child Traumatic Stress

40
Q

What is the leading cause of death in adolescence?

A

Unintentional injury at 73%

41
Q

How many Canadian youths die in Motor vehicle accidents every week?

A

About 32

42
Q

What is the primary factor contributing to twice as many death rates for teenage males compared to teenage females?

A

Unintentional injury

43
Q

What is the main reason for death of adolescence in motor vehicle accidents?

A

Unintentional factors

44
Q

What does Health Canada Recommendations state?

A

That nutritional choices should be emphasized when building a healthy diet for teenagers

45
Q

What is a common factor that contributes to nutritional deficits in teenagers?

A

Irregular eating patterns

46
Q

What is a potential long term impact of unhealthy eating patterns in adolescence?

A

An increased risk of diabetes and heart disease

47
Q

What are the consequences of diets heavy in junk food during adolescence?

A

Overweight issues, chronic illnesses and premature death in adulthood

48
Q

What is the legal age for cannabis use in Canada?

A

18

49
Q

What is recommended by Dietitians of Canada to encourage heathy eating in teenagers?

A

Planning a nutritious lunch in advance

50
Q

What are key predictors of divorce according to Dr. John M. Gorman?

A

Flooding and negativity

51
Q

What can heavy alcohol consumption by one partner do?

A

Lead to a decline in marital satisfaction overtime

52
Q

What is a significant factor contributing to the increased proportion of single persons in Canada?

A

Economic status

53
Q

What does Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love suggest?

A

That romantic love always includes commitment

54
Q

What have dual-earner women with flexible work schedules been shown to experience less of compared to those with fixed schedules

A

Less stress

55
Q

What is a characteristic of crystallized intelligence?

A

It depends on accumulated information and experience

56
Q

What is a challenge faced by both men and women in middle adulthood?

A

A lessening of sexual desire

57
Q

What is a potential benefit of Hormone Replacement Therapy for women?

A

The reduction in hot flashes and night sweats

58
Q

What are intellectual activity and social engagement key factors in according to Schaie and colleagues?

A

Stemming cognitive decline in later adulthood

59
Q

What is a common challenge in information processing for older adults?

A

Difficulty keeping new information in working memory

60
Q

What is the primary cognitive factor associated with aging according to Lynn Hasher?

A

Increased distractability

61
Q

What did De Beni, Borella and Carretti find?

A

That older individuals tend to show a decline in reading comprehension due to a decline in working memory

62
Q

What does Ardelt’s definition of wisdom include?

A

Unselfish love for others and reduced fear of death

63
Q

What did Randy Pausch choose to focus on during his last lecture at Carnegie Mellon University?

A

Life lessons and experiences

64
Q

What was one of Randy Pausch’s key insights during his last lecture?

A

That lessons are learned through disappointment

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