Psychology Review Flashcards
What is a mental health condition characterized by hallucinations, delusions and abnormal behaviour called?
Psychosis
Which gender is more prone to generalized anxiety disorder?
Women
What is dissociative amnesia?
Memory loss that is not explained by typical forgetfulness
What is dissociative identity disorder?
Two or more distinct or split identities or personality states that continually have power over your behaviour
What is depersonalization-derealization?
Feeling if detachment or bring outside of your body
What is long term memory?
The final stage of memory processing where information is permanently stored for future use
What is “chunking”?
The ability to improve short term memory by grouping into “chunks” information to reduce the overall number of items assigned to the act of remembering
What are some symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?
Sweating, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, trembling and frequent urination
What are the three main processes involved in remembering?
Encoding, storage and retrieval (recall)
What is encoding?
The initial stage of memory processing where incoming sensory information is briefly held and encoded. It is the first step in information processing system
What is at the bottom of the pyramid of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Physiological needs like food and water
What are some symptoms of schizophrenia?
Delusions, hallucinations, social withdrawal, disturbances in thinking and abnormal physical movements
What are indicators of phobias?
Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of an object, situation or activity
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
Emphasis on the uniqueness, growth and psychological health of individuals
What is Extrinsic Motivation?
When an activity is done to gain an external reward or to avoid an undesirable consequence
What is parallel processing?
The cognitive process which involves the simultaneous handling of multiple bits of information
What is storage?
The second process of memory where encoded information is retained overtime
What is not a goal of psychology?
Categorization
What is the Just Noticeable Difference?
Term for the smallest change in perception that is only detected 50% of the time
What is the classical conditioning theory?
Involves learning through the association of stimuli
What is sensory adaptation?
The phenomenon where individuals become less sensitive to unchanging sensory stimulus overtime
What is the critical element in classical conditioning?
Whether the conditioned stimulus enables the prediction of the unconditioned stimulus
What is an example of the survival response?
Acquiring a conditioned taste aversion after associating a specific taste with feeling ill
In the context of learning, what is extinction?
The weakening and eventual disappearance of. Learned response
In the context of learning, what is “spontaneous recovery”?
Occurs after extinction when a conditioned stimulus is presented again and a conditioned response reappears
What is light exposure?
The primary influence on circadian rhythms
What is sleep apnea?
A sleep disorder characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep. It is often accompanied by loud snoring and repeated awakenings due to oxygen deprivation
What is insomnia?
Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or waking up too early
What is the technique used to improve memory recall?
First letter technique
What is the method of Loci?
Method that can help you remember by associating information with specific locations
What is the Keyword method?
Main strategy for remembering new information by associating new words with familiar words
What is the mnemonic technique that involves creating an acronym from the initial letters of words or concept?
The first letter technique
What did Skinner’s behaviourist theory empathize?
The importance of external stimuli and reinforcement in language learning
What does the Interactionist Perspective suggest?
That language and thought have a mutually supportive relationship
What did Alfred Binet’s 1904 work lead to?
The Binet-Simon Intelligence scale
What is the primary focus of the Nature-Nurture controversy?
The influence of genetics and environment on human development
What is the Longitudinal study?
The research design that involves observing and measuring the same individuals over an extended period of time in order to track changes and developments
What is the primary goal of cross-sectional studies in developmental research?
Examining age related differences or changes in traits
Why is non-verbal communication considered effective?
Because we are biologically wired and predisposed for emotional signals
What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
The fear of embarrassment or humiliating yourself in front of others and/or the irrational fear of performance in social situations
What is the Realistic Conflict Theory?
Theory that competition over resources can escalate group tensions and lead to prejudice and hostility
What is the Deindividuation Effect?
Phenomenon where individuals lose personal identity in group situations. It was the aim of the Zimbardo’s prison study
What is aggression?
The intentional infliction of harm on another
What is personality?
An individual’s unique and stable pattern of characteristics, traits, thoughts , emotions and behaviours
What is the primary focus of psychoanalysis according to Sigmund Freud?
Revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions
What was introduced to psychoanalytic theories by Karen Horney?
Basic anxiety and three coping strategies
What are the criteria used to define abnormal behaviour in the context of mental health?
Statistical rarity, deviation from social norms, maladaptive behaviour, personal distress and disability or dysfunction
What are therapeutic approaches commonly associated with behaviour therapies in addressing mental health concerns?
Exposure therapy, systemic desensitization, cognitive behavioural therapy, social skills training and applied behaviour analysis
