sociologists study

Question 1

bernstein and young research on intellectual development.

Answer 1

according to bernstein and young: m/c mothers are more likely to buy educational toys for their child’s intellectual development to encourage reasoning skills resulting in them having higher IQs in high school

Question 2

Sullivans research on cultural capital

Answer 2

Sullivans research method: questionnaires
465 pupils to 4 schools to assess their favourite activities

found those who took part in complex activities had more cultural capital and were m/c, were top set and did better.

Question 3

Gewirtz research on marketisation

Answer 3

Gewirtz research method: unstructured interviews in 14 London schools with teachers and parents + analysed documents (applications)

m/c families with cultural capital took advantage of opportunities for their child’s education (pick the best schools)

document can be socially constructed and thus not reliable but is representative

Question 4

Beckers research on labelling

Answer 4

Beckers research method: unstructured interviews with 60 Chicago school teachers and found that the teachers judge students according to their ‘ideal pupil’

Question 5

Keddies research on* streaming*

Answer 5

Keddies research method: overt observation of comprehensive schools with streaming and found that teachers provide more knowledge to higher streams (m/c) that w/c didn’t get

observation bias - only looked at comprehensive schools

Question 6

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s research on the self-fulfilling prophecy part 1

Answer 6

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s research method: a field experiment in one primary school on ‘spurts’ - 20% of students chosen as spurts out of the class and 47% of the spurts improved

Question 7

Lacey research on pupil subculture

Answer 7

A
Lacey research method: covert observation (act like a teacher) - in grammar schools streaming influences boys into either pro or anti-school subculture due to teachers differentiating students

not representative

Question 8

Fullers research on the* rejection of the labelling theory*

Answer 8

fullers research method: used questionnaires and unstructured interviews on year 11 black girls who were labelled but were high achievers

Question 9

evans research on white underachievement

Answer 9

evans research method: observation while living in a white estate for 13 years, she concluded young people learn how to withstand intimidation adn how to intimidate others - this is reflected in school were young people play these power games = join anti school subculture and brings distruption ito pupils education and reduce white students chance of success

Question 10

gillborn and youdell research on ethnic attainment levels

Answer 10

gillborn and youdellresearch method:** observation, interviews and documents found *ethnic minority were high achievers in primary school yet *finished school as the lowest achiever = education system caused the underachievement

found teachers have low expectations from black and ethnic minorities - poor language skills and poor behaviour underestimating their academic ability - (labelling)

Question 11

willis research on the role of education

Answer 11

willis research method: (triangulation) unstructured group interviews and covert observation having access to school cafeteria and record on diary (qualitiative) on 12 boys uncover counter school culture of the lads

reproduce cass inequality but w/c can resist attempts to indocrintate (convice) them - jobs school expect them to do were traditional manual jobs for men

anti conformists - counter school culture - disobey rules etc

Question 12

patrick research on gangs

Answer 12

patrick research method: participant observation - hung out with gangs in glasgow and relied on memory

Question 13

jacobson and rosenthal research on self fulfilling prophecy part 2

Answer 13

jacobson and rosenthal research method: observation of the ‘spurters’ but deception by lieing to both teacher and student about the IQ test