educational difference according to ethnicity Flashcards
what is an ethnic group?
garrod - people who share common history, culture, customs, identity and religion/language.
how does attitudes and values create ethnic difference?
bernstein - attitudes and values act to motivate eduational achievement in mainstreaming culture to encourage ambition, competition and willingness to learn.
black children has the immediate gratification - viewed pointless and devalued
white and aisan has the deferred gratification and reinforce their education
how does intellectual and linguistic skills create ethnic difference?
bowker - black american family lack standard english as a major barrier to achievement (restricted code)
evaluate intellectual and linguistic skills create ethnic difference?
swann report - language was not a major factor in underachievement and pupil who didnt speak english at home still achieved
how does family structure and parental support create ethnic difference?
murray- socialisation can affect a chance of childrens success in education - strong work ethic and plan fo future.
moynihan - black families headed by single mothers often have boys lacking a male role model = doesnt want to achieve in school and form gangs
why do asians achieve?
lupton - asian families closely reflects that of schools (e.g. working hard, achieving qualifications) thus asian parents are more supportive of school procedures and pushing thier child to succeed in education
why do asians underachieve?
khan -“stress ridden’ atmosphere of asian families and a controlling atitude towards children and girls as a barrier for achievement
asian children feel pressurised from family to succeed doing the reverse effect and explain why pakistani and bangali students doesnt do well as indian students
why do white underachieve?
evans - W/C subcultures and family attitudes may not be reflective of educational values
evans research on white underachievement
evans research method: observation while living in a white estate for 13 years, she concluded young people learn how to withstand intimidation adn how to intimidate others - this is reflected in school were young people play these power games = join anti school subculture and brings distruption ito pupils education and reduce white students chance of success
swann report on material
deprivation
swann report estimate that social class accounts for at least 50% of theethnic differences in educational achievement.
what does palmer state about ethnic minorities?
palmer - ethnic minorities suffer from poor housing, croweded conditions and poverty.
- suffer from material deprivation
what is racism in wider society?
rex - racial discrimination in allocating housing and social policy exist (e.g. ethnic minorities into council housing than white families of same class) - effect a childs childhood (poor diet)
gillborn and youdell research on ethnic attainment levels
gillborn and youdell research method: observation, interviews and documents found ethnic minority were high achievers in primary school yet finished school as the lowest achiever = education system caused the underachievement
found teachers have low expectations from black and ethnic minorities - poor language skills and poor behaviour underestimating their academic ability - (labelling)
what is a disciplinary discource?
teacher voice is authorative, visible and loud - for poor behaved pupil
what is a liberal discource?
teachers voice is low, kind and invisible - for well behaved students
in what three categories does teachers construct students idenitites?
becker and archer -
ideal pupil - white intelligent
pathogical pupil - aisan feminine, work hard to succeed
demonised pupil - black or white unintelligent deprived
what are the 3 types of racism?
mirza -
colour blind - believes all are = but allow racism
liberal chauvinist - black students culturally deprived
overt racist - black students inferior and discriminated
what 3 subculture result in different ethnic attainment levels?
swell -
rebel - reject rules and goals of school
retreatists - disconnect from schooland black subculture
innovators - value success but not through school
what is an ethnocentric curriculum?
william - british curriculum is ethnocentric and gives priority to white culture and the english language (e.g. history and assemblies from christian white perpective)
ignores customs, views and cultures - makes e/m feel isolated and discouraged from education
how can you evaluate the ethnocentric curriculum?
the curriculum therefore ingores the customs, views and culture of ethnic minoroties this causes e/m students to feel isolated and discourages them from education
how has marketisation encourage different attainment levels amongst ethnic group?
gillborn - marketisation gives school greater ability to select their pupil putting ethnic minorites at a disadvantage
davenport - schools records to screen out pupil with language or learning diffculties and application process difficult for non speaking parents to understand
what policies exist that helps the ethnic minorities?
multicultural education policies - embrace cultures and religion in the curriculum
race relation act - promote race equality
‘model minorities’ - indians, chinese
how can you evaluate cultural deprivation?
driver - too much of a bleak picture is created and the positive affects that ethnicity has on achievement are ingored
black families create geat role moels for girls of strong independent women and the family are not dysfunctional as murray and moynihan claims
keddie -The education system contains an ethnocentric curriculum
multicultrual education policy recognises and values minorities cultures and includes them in the curriculum
what social inclusion of ethnic minorities raised achievement since the 1990s?
- amending the race relation act to promote race equality
- help during volunarty saturday schools especially to tackle ethnic minotiry underachievement
- model minorities - over achievement of particular ethnicities.
