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sociology a level education > educational difference according to gender > Flashcards

educational difference according to gender Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

state 4 external factors of girls to achieve educationally?

A
  1. feminism
  2. changes in the family
  3. women employment
  4. changes in ambition
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2
Q

how can girls achieve from the impact of feminism?

A

liberal feminist - the movement improved womens rights and oppotunities through changes in the law but have not achived full equality

mcrobbie - changes are reflected into the media ,news etc

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3
Q

how can girls achieve from changes in the family?

A
  • increase in divorce rate
  • increase in cohabitation (couples live together but not married)
  • increase in lone parent families

creates a new adult role model for girls - financially independent women

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4
Q

how can girls achieve from the changes in women employment?

A

posser - many changes in womens economic particpation and achievement encourage girl to see their future in terms of paid work

  • equal pay act - illegal to pay women less than men
  • sex discrimination act - outlaw sex discrimination in the workplace
  • according to british national stats - pay gap fall from 30% to 17%
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5
Q

how can girls achieve from the changes in ambition?

A

sue sharp - using interviews she found girls in the 1990 sees their future as an independent women compared to girls in the 1974 who wanted to be housewives sdn found intelligents as unattractive

feminists has influenced girls to do better in school

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6
Q

state 4 internal factors for girls to achieve educationally?

A
  1. equal oppotunity policies
  2. teachers attention
  3. challenging stereotypes
  4. selection and league tables
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7
Q

how can girls achieve from the equal oppotunity policies?

A
  1. GIST - girls into science and tech
  2. national curriculum - introduced coursework
  3. GATE - girls and tech education
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8
Q

how can girls achieve from teachers attention?

A

spender - teachers spend more time interacting with boys than with girls - behavour issue

swann - boys dominate in whole class discussion but girls prefer pair work better at istening and cooperating - skills rewarded in class

labelling - halo effect

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9
Q

how can girls achieve from challenging stereotypes?

A

Weiner - teachers have challenged gender stereotypes and removed a barrier in girls achievement (e.g. remove sexist image from learning resources)

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10
Q

how can girls achieve from selections and league tables?

A

Jackson - high achieving girls are attractive to schools whereas low achieving boys are not - self fulfilling prophecy

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11
Q

evaluate selection and league tables

A

archer et al - theres conflict between w/c feminine identities and the value of school - they gain symbolic capital (status and sense of worth people obtain from others) from peers = conflict with school

girls have hyper heterosexual identities (e.g. having sexual partner, wearing makeup etc) - break school guidelines.

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12
Q

state 5 factors to why boys underachieve

A
  1. boys literacy (external)
  2. globalisation (external)
  3. feminisation of education (internal)
  4. laddish subculture (internal)
  5. shortage of male primary teachers (internal)
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13
Q

how does boys literacy result in underachievement? (external)

A

DCSF - under-performance to poor literacy levels amongst boys and poorer language skills - (restricted code)
parents spend less time reading to their son and see reading as a feminine activity

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14
Q

how does globalisation and the decline in manufacturing result in underachievement? - (external)

A

browne - decline in male employment oppotunities led to an ‘identity crisis’
there are a decline in traditional industries mining iron and steel - boys believe they dont have a chance in getting a ‘proper’ job undermining their motivation and their self esteem.

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15
Q

how does feminisation of education result in underachievement? - (internal)

A

schools no longer nurture masculine traits (competition and leadership) but prefer qualities girls have (attentive in class, coursework)

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16
Q

how does the laddish subculture result in underachievement?

A

epstein - boys reject the norms and values of school - w/c boys were more likely to be harassed, labelled ‘swots’ (homophobic verbal abuse) - threat to their masculinity resulted in boys rejecting schools work

17
Q

how does the shortage of male primary teachers result in underachievement?

A

lack of strong positive role model both at home and in school - didnt enourage or inspire them to focus on education

18
Q

state 5 factors to gender difference in subject choice

A
  1. early socialisation - (external)
  2. gendered subject images - (internal)
  3. peer pressure - (internal)
  4. gender career oppotunities - (external)
  5. gender identities - (internal)
19
Q

why does early socialisation create gender difference in subject choice?

A

oakley - ‘gender role socialisation’ is the process of learning the behaviour expected of males and females in society

norman - boys and girls dressed differently, given different toys and take part in different activities.

parents tend to** reward boys for being active** and girls for being passive.

20
Q

Why does gendered subject images create gender differences in subject choice?

A

Kelly - science is seen as a boy subject as science teachers are more likely to be men

21
Q

Why does peer pressure create gender difference in subject choice?

A

patcher.- pressure to conform to feminine and masculine roles mean that boys and girls choose subjects that reinforce their gender scripts

22
Q

Why does gendered career opportunities create** gender differences in subject choices?**

A

Oakley - employment is highly gendered - women’s job involves skill performed by housewives, if boys found nurses are women they are less likely to opt for childcare

Stereotypes and gender discrimination within jobs

23
Q

Why does gender identity cause gender differences in subject choices?

A

connell - ‘hegemonic masculinity’ - dominance of a heterosexual masculine identity and the subordination of female and gay identity

24
Q

What are the 4 types of experience pupil face resulting in hegemonic masculinity?

A
  1. Verbal abuse
  2. Male peer groups
  3. Teachers and discipline
  4. Double standards
25
Q

how can u evaluate boys literacy in educational underachievement?

A

national literacy strategy - raising literacy standards of boys
dads and sons campaign - raising awareness of male underachievement
male teacher recuritment - increase in male teachers as role models

26
Q

how can you evaluate globalisation and the decline in manufacturing?

A

????

27
Q

how can you evaluate feminism of education?

A

male teacher recruitment

28
Q

what is verbal abuse?

A

calling girls flags for dressing masculine

29
Q

what is Male peer groups

A

mac and ghaill states peer groups reproduce different class based masculine identities

30
Q

what is Teachers and discipline?

A

mac and gahill found teachers tell off boys for acting like girls , ignore boys verbal abuse of girls and blame girls for attracting it

31
Q

how can you evaluate early soicalisation?

A

postmodernists claim to socialisation process has changed and policies have encouraged girls into different subjects: gist, gate

giddens and beck argues that theres no longer channelling kids into gender scripts - subject choices irrelavent

31
Q

how can you evaluate gendered subject image?

A

schools have now started to remove gendered images from textbooks, including girls via femisation of education explaining why in the last 20 years we are seeing girls enter male dominated subjects

31
Q

*

what is Double standards?

A

Lees argues double standard of sexual morality in boys boast about their sexual exploit but girls called flags for behaving certain way - patriarchal ideology

31
Q

how can you evaluate peer presure?

A

all schools have policies that doesnt permit peer pressure

31
Q

how can you evaluate gendered career oppotunities?

A

women breaking through the glass celing employment structure changes

sociology a level education (8 decks)

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