Sociologists Recall

Question 1

Howard

Answer 1

Vitamins+Fresh Food

Question 2

Wilkinson

Answer 2

Emotional + behavioural problems

Question 3

Blanden + Machin

Answer 3

Externalising Behaviours

Question 4

Tanner

Answer 4

Lack of money= no laptop, PE kit, uniform e.t.c

Question 5

Bull

Answer 5

Called this the hidden costs of schooling

Question 6

Flaherty

Answer 6

Students entitled to FSM don’t take them due to fear of stigmatisation

Question 7

Smith + Noble

Answer 7

WC can’t afford private tuition

Question 8

Callender + Jackson

Answer 8

Fear of uni debt puts of WC

Question 9

Reay

Answer 9

WC apply to local schools (lower ranked)

Question 10

Ridge

Answer 10

Part-time jobs= less study time + tired

Question 11

Hubbs-Taut

Answer 11

The way children speak is how parents teach their children

Question 12

Feinstein

Answer 12

MC- improve cognitive ability
WC- challenge cognitive ability

Question 13

Bernstein

Answer 13

Elaborated + Restricted Code

Question 14

Douglas

Answer 14

WC parents place less value on education, as seen through missing parent’s evening

Question 15

Blackstone + Mortimore

Answer 15

Criticise Douglas –> WC do value education, they just can’t go to parent’s evening due to shifts (catered to WC 9-5)

Question 16

Feinstein

Answer 16

MC raise child in line with school

Question 17

Bernstein + Young

Answer 17

MC use their finances to provide child with educational toys + enrichment

Question 18

Sugarman

Answer 18

Identified 4 key WC subcultural values: fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification, present-time orientation

Question 19

Leech + Campos

Answer 19

MC have economic capital, selection by mortgage

Question 20

Keddie

Answer 20

victim blaming –> blame ES instead. WC culturally different rather than deprived

Question 21

Bordieu

Answer 21

Argued one type of capital can lead to another

Question 22

Sullivan

Answer 22

Interviewed 465 students in 4 schools about CC. Found those more likely to read challenging fiction or watch documentaries more liley to have educated parents. WC do have CC however due to lack of resources and expectation, they still underachieve compared to MC

Question 23

Becker

Answer 23

Ideal pupil (teachers use this image to compare to their students. MC students are closer to this ideal pupil

Question 24

Hemple-Jorgensen

Answer 24

Criticised Becker by saying that neighbourhoods are class based (theory is out of date)

Question 25

Dunne + Gazeley

Answer 25

9 state high-schools in England
Teachers normalised the underachievment of WC students + believed there was nothing they could do to help them. Also label parent’s negatively

Question 26

Rist

Answer 26

Studied US kindergartens
Within a week, teachers had made a seating plan. Nicknamed MC tigers & WC clowns + cardinals
MC sat at front whereas WC sat at back

Question 27

Rosenthal + Jacobson

Answer 27

Oak Community School
Self-fullfilling Prophecy, spurters, 20%, 47%

Question 28

Lacey

Answer 28

Hightown boy’s grammar school
Differentiation -> polarisation -> pro or anti school subcultures
pro= comitted to values, achievement, MC
anti= loose motivation, other ways of status, WC

Question 29

Hargreaves

Answer 29

Triple failures (11+, bottom stream, worthless louts)
Forms anti-school subcultures = underachievement

Question 30

Ball

Answer 30

Beachside High. School abolished setting + streaming however teachers continued to label WC so although initially there was a decline in polarisation and anti-school subcutures, it came back.

Question 31

Woods

Answer 31

agrees setting + streaming lead to s/c, however students responf in 4 ways (not 2)
ingratiation: being the teacher’s pet
ritualism: going the motions of work + staying out of trouble
retreatism: day-dreaming + messing around
rebellion: rejection of school’s values

Question 32

Furlong

Answer 32

Adds to Wood’s theory by saying children are not permanetley comitted to one of these sucultures (they can change depending on a teacher or subject)

Question 33

Gilbourn and Youdell

Answer 33

A-C economy= ration time
boost league tables
Educational Triage: pass anyway, borderline + flop
Deterministic, grade sytem changed, league table also based on progress (outdated)

Question 34

Bartlett

Answer 34

Creamskimming: Take the best
Silt-shifting: Filter out underachievers (based of SATs) MC go to top, WC to bottom schools
-open enrollment however (criticism)

Question 35

Gewirtz

Answer 35

Homeschool contracts (legally binding)
top schools have more demandiong ones
this puts of WC parents (pushed away)

Question 36

Ball

Answer 36

Instead of spending money on students, schools spend it on advertising ( in order to attract parents- formula funding) pressure to attract parents means students don’t get money

Question 37

Archer et al

Answer 37

MC recieve symbolic capital from teachers whilst WC recieve symbolic violence,feel wortheless
Nike identities + Hyper-heterosexualised femanine styles. –> social suicide if girls do it wrong
blames school for margenalising WC

Question 38

Ingram

Answer 38

2 groups of WC Catholic boys, Belfast. 1 group passed 11+, 1 group failed and went secondary
mufty day: MC wore polos +chinos, WC=trackies
isolated by students. had to choose betweem unworthiness at school or in local WC neighbourhood
for other group, the dense network of families gave boys a sense of belonging+ mainetenance feeling

Question 39

Evans

Answer 39

21 high school WC A/A+ girls. could have applied to top schools but didn’t (collectivism) don’t want to break WC habitus